More attention has been put on the relationship between pediatric glomerular disease and respiratory tract virus infection. Children with glomerular illness, however, are uncommonly found to have biopsy-proven pathological evidence of viral infection. The purpose of this study is to determine whether and what kind of respiratory viruses are found in renal biopsy from glomerular disorders.We used a multiplex PCR to identify a wide range of respiratory tract viruses in the renal biopsy samples (n = 45) from children with glomerular disorders and a specific PCR to verify their expression.These case series included 45 of 47 renal biopsy specimens, with 37.8% of male and 62.2% of female patients. Indications for a kidney biopsy were present in all of the individuals. In 80% of the samples, respiratory syncytial virus was discovered. Following that, the RSV subtypes in several pediatric renal disorders were found. There were 16 RSVA positives, 5 RSVB positives, and 15 RSVA/B positives, accounting for 44.4%, 13.9%, and 41.7%, respectively. Nephrotic syndrome samples made up 62.5% of RSVA positive specimens. The RSVA/B-positive was detected in all pathological histological types.Patients with glomerular disease exhibit respiratory tract viral expression in the renal tissues, especially respiratory syncytial virus. This research offers new information on the detection of respiratory tract viruses in renal tissue, which may facilitate the identification and treatment of pediatric glomerular diseases.
With the advent of intelligence technologies, more and more machines and devices are involved in the creation of complex structures. In the intelligent manufacturing industries, mouldings including injection moulding, blow moulding, compression moulding, and others play critical roles in manufacturing highly precise parts required for building intelligent machines (such as computers, cell phones, robots etc.). The performance of the clamping mechanism directly affects the quality of the microstructure of injection products. The design of the injection moulding mould clamping mechanism is based on the microstructure characteristics of the trip of the toggle lever mechanism ratio, speed ratio, and force amplification ratio. These are used to study the main performance parameters, such as analysis, as well as for the establishment of the physical model of the clamping mechanism. The model is based on the microstructure of injection of hyperbolic elbow clamping mechanism kinematics simulation. Simulation results and theoretical calculation contrast analysis show that the maximum dynamic template speed is 215.34 mm/s. The dynamic templates and cross-head speed ratio is 2.15; therefore, the design of the injection moulding mould clamping mechanism for the microstructure provides favourable technical support. The method described here is important to build complicated moulds required to build highly precise parts to build intelligent machineries.
The aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates cellular responses to the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We cloned AhR cDNA from C57BL/6 mouse liver and verified by transfection that it encodes a functional protein. Analyses of deletion mutants indicate that the carboxyl half of AhR contains several types of transactivation domain, which function independently of domains that mediate TCDD recognition, DNA binding, and heterodimerization with the Ah receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt) protein. The transactivation domains function independently of each other, display different levels of activity, and act synergistically when linked. In addition, AhR contains an 82-amino acid domain that inhibits transactivation. The inhibitory domain displays specificity, in that it blocks the transactivating functions of AhR and Arnt, but not that of the herpes simplex protein VP16. The inhibitory activity depends upon the cell type in which AhR is expressed, implying that a cell-specific protein mediates the effect.
To explore the activation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) pathway on the process of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) induced nephropathy.SD rats were inoculated intranasally and intraperitoneally with 6 X 10(6) plaque forming unit(PFU) RSV and sacrificed on days 4, 14, 30 postinoculation (RSV4, RSV14 and RSV30). The normal rats without intervention were set as control. Renal tissues were obtained, and the morphological changes were studied. The expressions of TLR3, NF-kappaB and IL-13 in the rats' kidney were measured with real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and indirect IF staining.After the inoculation of RSV, the rats had proteinuria and the fusion of foot processes of glomerular epithelial cells, resembling human minimal changed nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). The expressions of TLR3, NF-kappaB and IL-13 in renal tissues increased obviously at Day 4 and Day 14 postinoculation, the differences were significant when compared with normal control rats (P < 0.05). The expressions of these three factors decreased at Day 30, which were not significantly different to those of normal control group (P > 0.05).TLR3 signal pathway may play an important role in early stage of RSV nephropathy.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in children with sepsis, chronic kidney disease, poisoning or other conditions. Wasp stings are recognized as an important etiology. Several retrospective studies have investigated AKI after wasp stings in adults, but research on children remains limited.
To determine the susceptibility of primary human trophoblastic cells (HTCs) to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection.30 villus of healthy pregnant women were digested with a mixture of 0.25% trypsin and 0.2% DNase. The digestion was then filtered by a 200 mesh stainless steel sieve. HTCs were purified by Percoll gradient centrifugation and repeat purification with trypsin during cell passage. HTCs were identified by cell morphology and immunofluorescence. PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescent staining were performed to detect HCMV gene and protein 72 hours post infection of HCMV.The combination of 0.25% trypsin and 0.2% DNase with Percoll gradient centrifugation isolated and purified primary HTCs. More than 90 percent cells expressed CK-7 related antigen. The results of PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence showed positive expressions of CMV gB and virus proteins.HTCs is susceptible to HCMV infection, which suggests a possible route of HCMV infection at the fetal-maternal interface.
To discuss the characteristics of physician trainee outcomes after completion of the job-transfer subspecialty training in pediatrics, a program designed to increase the number of pediatricians, in Sichuan Province and to provide countermeasures for alleviating the shortage of pediatricians.We collected with questionnaire surveys information on changes in the workload and salaries experienced by physicians who completed the job-transfer subspecialty training program in pediatrics between February 2017 and May 2020 in Sichuan Province. Then, we compared the characteristics of physicians who successful became pediatricians and those who did no.A total of 208 physicians completed the job-transfer subspecialty training program in pediatrics. Among them, 178, accounting for 85.6%, completed the questionnaire survey, and 120, accounting for 67.4%, had a background in other subspecialties than pediatrics. The majority (>90%) of physicians who participated in the training program came from secondary or lower levels of hospitals from the cities and prefectures all over Sichuan Province. In this study, we found that the rate of successful job transfer from being a physician to being a pediatrician in Sichuan Province in the past four years was 85.0% (102/120), with the year-by-year results being 88.2% (15/17) in 2017, 72.7% (16/22) in 2018, 86.7% (39/45) in 2019, and 94.% (32/34) in 2020. There was no significant difference between physicians who had successful job transfer and became pediatricians and those who failed to do so in terms of gender, age, hospital level, specialization prior to the job transfer, whether or not the hospital had a pediatrics department, amount of support for the pediatrics department, whether or not the physician was working at a new hospital after the job transfer, salaries, and changes of responsibilities during COVID-19 (all P>0.05). There was significant difference in the change of workload after completion of the training program between physicians who had successful job transfer and became pediatricians and those who failed to do so ( χ2=9.037, P=0.003), and 78.4% of the trainees stated that their workload had increased after the job transfer. There was a moderate correlation between successful job transfer and changes in workload after the transfer (|Phi[ψ] |=0.729).The policy of government-supported job-transfer subspecialty training in pediatrics has played an active and important role in the swift resolution of the shortage of pediatricians. However, finding the root cause of and addressing the problem of the overwhelming workload of pediatricians remain challenging issues to be resolved.
Objective
To evaluate clinical effects of blood purification in the treatment of children with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
Methods
A total of 194 cases with MODS who were admitted to West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2007 to July 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. According to different treatment regimen, they were divided into treatment group (n=96, basic treatment+ blood purification) and control group (n=98, only basic treatment). Compare the following parameters between two groups: gender constituent ratio, age, basic diseases, pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) score, mortality, hospitalization and results of major biochemical tests [serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cardiac troponin(cTn)I, Na+ , K+ , partial pressure of oxygen in artery (PaO2) / fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)] before and after the treatment. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Investigation in Human Being of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University.
Results
① There were no significant difference between two groups in the aspects of gender constituent ratio (χ2=0.495, P=0.482), but there were significant differences in age, PELOD score of impaired organs (χ2=54.069, P=0.000, Z=-1.291, P=0.197). ②The mortality of treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group (20.8% vs 42.9%)(χ2=10.56, P=0.002). There was no significant difference between two groups in hospitalization (Z=-1.203, P=0.229). And duration from admission to death was 8.0 days in treatment group and 17.0 days in control group with significant difference (Z=-2.007, P=0.045). ③ There were significant differences between two groups in the aspects of levels of creatinine, BUN, and Na+ after the treatment (Z=-2.325, -2.498, -3.179; P 0.05).
Conclusions
Blood purification could decrease the mortality of children with MODS significantly and improve their renal function.
Key words:
Blood purification; Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; Child
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