<p>PDF file - 71KB, Supplementary Table S2. A list of kinases whose phosphorylation was examined in SkHep1 liver cancer cells after RASAL2, NENF or combined RASAL2 and NENF depletion. The level of phosphorylation is expressed as a percentage of phosphorylation in the control - cells transfected with scrambled siRNA. Phosphorylation of a panel of 26 kinases was assessed using Proteome Profiler Array (R&D Systems Inc., MN, USA).</p>
Pregnancy in women with advanced liver disease is rare. Cirrhosis results in metabolic and hormonal derangements that lead to anovulation and amenorrhea1. In this paper we described the case of a successful pregnancy in a young woman with advanced cirrhosis due to hepatitis B virus infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v22i2.13591 Bangladesh J Medicine 2011; 22: 60-62
To investigate the etiology and other factor in development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Bangladesh. Data from past studies were compared with our data to assess the etiology and other factor in development of HCC. Mainly four studies were compared which were done in different time. Ultrasonography was principle modality of primary diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology was done in all cases to have tissue diagnosis. Previous studies demonstrate hepatitis B in at least 46.9% cases. Recent studies demonstrate at least 61% association of HCC with hepatitis B infection. Our data which include 39 patients (M: F = 29: 10, Age 22–75 years, mean 51 year) demonstrate HBsAg positivity was present in 16 (41%), Anti HCV positivity in 2 (5%), both negativity in 8 (20.5%) and secondary carcinoma in 13 (33.3%) cases. If only primary HCC is considered then hepatitis B virus (HBV) related HCC constituted 61.5%. Alpha feto-protein was > 350 ng/mL in 11 out of 26 cases (42.3%). Though the study populations are small, they reflect that the prevalence of HBV related HCC correlates with the existing prevalence of HBsAg positivity in general population. Also the etiology has not changed over years and prevalence of hepatitis B related HCC is more or less a static as compared with previous studies.
MINI REVIEWThe entity and concept of immune therapy against chronic infections and cancers is still elusive.Credible preclinical studies and clinical trials are scare in this field due to improper understating about cellular and molecular mechanism of these diseases.In addition, immune interventional strategies against these diseases have not been properly formulated.A sketch about immune pathogenesis of these diseases and interventional strategies has been formulated in this communication.
La OMS calcula que existen entre 250 y 300 millones de personas infectadas cronicamente por el virus de la hepatitis B (VHB). Cada ano muere cerca de 1 millon de personas como consecuencia de la cirrosis hepatica y el cancer de higado resultante de esta enfermedad cronica. Millones de pacientes sufren secuelas de la enfermedad cronica, como varices esofagicas y resultantes sangramientos digestivos, esplenomegalia, hepatomegalia, entre otras. HeberNasvac, producto que se basa en la inmunogenicidad y el efecto adyuvante e inmunomodulador de los antigenos recombinantes HBsAg y HBcAg tanto por rutas mucosal (IN) como parenteral (SC) se ha registrado como nueva alternativa terapeutica contra la hepatitis B cronica en Cuba, y se realizan acciones para introducir este producto en otros paises. En la actualidad, el CIGB trabaja en la caracterizacion del efecto antiviral de HeberNasvac, asi como en el estudio de las variables que impactan en su mecanismo de accion farmacologica, lo que permitira optimizar el uso futuro de este producto. En la presente propuesta se presenta, por primera vez, un grupo de resultados y las publicaciones relacionadas, donde se revela el impacto de la ruta de administracion y la respuesta inducida por esta via como una importante variable del mecanismo de accion farmacologica de HeberNasvac. Los resultados obtenidos en estudios realizados en un modelo murino con el VHB esclarecen los resultados obtenidos en la clinica. El estudio a profundidad de la respuesta inmunitaria −de modo especial en el higado, organo diana de la infeccion y del dano tisular en la inmunopatogenia del VHB−, revela que dicho organo recibe una alta frecuencia de celulas T efectoras inducidas por la administracion intranasal (IN) en ratones. Los estudios en el modelo animal demuestran que unicamente a partir de la inmunizacion intranasal se genera una fuerte respuesta de celulas T CD4+ en el higado, lo que no ocurre a partir de la administracion parenteral del producto. Esto refuerza el caracter del higado como parte integral del sistema inmunitario de mucosas, como se propuso hace varias decadas. Las celulas T CD4+ tienen un papel central como auxiliadoras de la respuesta terapeutica de celulas B y T citotoxicas. El estudio clinico fase III demuestra que la inmunizacion intranasal es capaz de incrementar significativamente los niveles de transaminasas como consecuencia del incremento de la lisis de hepatocitos que genera la respuesta inmunitaria anti-HBV. Dicha respuesta inmunitaria fue detectada como proinflamatoria en el ensayo clinico fase I-II que empleo igual esquema de inmunizacion. Tambien se confirma que la inmunizacion por via IN sola desencadena una respuesta antiviral de larga duracion. Los resultados obtenidos han sido objeto de 4 publicaciones en revistas internacionales arbitradas y 1 patente presentada en Cuba, que apoyan el producto y su uso IN, ademas de varios logros institucionales del CIGB y un grupo de presentaciones en eventos cientificos nacionales e internacionales.
The possible use of immunotherapy for hepatitis B has emerged for two major reasons: (1) chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is an immune-mediated pathological condition, and (2) commercially available antiviral drugs are of limited efficacy. Although various immunomodulatory agents have been used to treat patients with CHB during the last three decades, there is currently no consensus among physicians and hepatologists regarding the suitability of immunotherapy for patients with CHB. However, new insights into immunotherapy for CHB have emerged; these may facilitate design of effective and tolerable immunotherapy regimens for these patients. This review provides a comprehensive overview of immunotherapy for CHB.
End-stage liver disease (ESLD) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome and when complicated with infection the mortality is markedly increased. In patients with ESLD, bacterial or fungal infection can induce or aggravate the occurrence or progression of liver decompensation. Consequently, infections are among the most common complications of disease deterioration. There is an overwhelming need for standardized protocols for early diagnosis and appropriate management for patients with ESLD complicated by infections. Asia Pacific region has the largest number of ESLD patients, due to hepatitis B and the growing population of alcohol and NAFLD. Concomitant infections not only add to organ failure and high mortality but also to financial and healthcare burdens. This consensus document assembled up-to-date knowledge and experience from colleagues across the Asia–Pacific region, providing data on the principles as well as evidence-based current working protocols and practices for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with ESLD complicated by infections.