L. R. Monteiro

Universidade dos Açores

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Robert W. Furness

Ellen MacArthur Foundation

Jaime A. Ramos

University of Coimbra

Ricardo S. Santos

Centro Universitário do Rio Grande do Norte

Mark Bolton

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds

J. C. Pereira

Universidade do Estado do Pará

Paula C. Tavares

Instituto Superior Técnico

F. M. Stewart

Auckland City Hospital

Eduardo Isidro

Universidade dos Açores

Verónica C. Neves

Universidade dos Açores

David R. Thompson

National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research

Cooperative Institutions

Universidade dos Açores

University of Lisbon

University of Glasgow

Institute of Marine Research

Universidade do Porto

University of Coimbra

University of Aveiro

Universidade de São Paulo

Instituto do Mar

Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro

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Sympatric speciation by allochrony in a seabird

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2007)

Vicki L. Friesen Andrea L. Smith Elena Gómez‐Díaz Mark Bolton Robert W. Furness

The importance of sympatric speciation (the evolution of reproductive isolation between codistributed populations) in generating biodiversity is highly controversial. Whereas potential examples of sympatric speciation exist for plants, insects, and fishes, most theoretical models suggest that it requires conditions that are probably not common in nature, and only two possible cases have been described for tetrapods. One mechanism by which it could occur is through allochronic isolation—separation of populations by breeding time. Oceanodroma castro (the Madeiran or band-rumped storm-petrel) is a small seabird that nests on tropical and subtropical islands throughout the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. In at least five archipelagos, different individuals breed on the same islands in different seasons. We compared variation in five microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial control region among 562 O. castro from throughout the species' range. We found that sympatric seasonal populations differ genetically within all five archipelagos and have ceased to exchange genes in two. Population and gene trees all indicate that seasonal populations within four of the archipelagos are more closely related to each other than to populations from the same season from other archipelagos; divergence of the fifth sympatric pair is too ancient for reliable inference. Thus, seasonal populations appear to have arisen sympatrically at least four times. This is the first evidence for sympatric speciation by allochrony in a tetrapod, and adds to growing indications that population differentiation and speciation can occur without geographic barriers to gene flow.

Genetic algorithm

10.1073/pnas.0700446104

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Citations (188)

ACCELERATED INCREASE IN MERCURY CONTAMINATION IN NORTH ATLANTIC MESOPELAGIC FOOD CHAINS AS INDICATED BY TIME SERIES OF SEABIRD FEATHERS

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (1997)

L. R. Monteiro Robert W. Furness

Concentrations of mercury in the environment have increased manyfold since preindustrial times as a result of anthropogenic emissions of gaseous mercury to the atmosphere. However, most records of historical change are affected by regional inputs and evidence of global impact of human activities at pristine oceanic sites is scanty. Seabird feathers contain a valuable record showing historical trends in methylmercury contamination. Some seabirds are top predators in epipelagic and others in mesopelagic food chains and thus reflect methylmercury contamination of these ecosystems. Here, we report the first measurements of mercury concentrations in a time series of animals from the subtropical northeast Atlantic over the last 100 years. These data show increases in mercury levels by 1.1 to 1.9%/year in epipelagic foodchains and by 3.5 to 4.8%/year in mesopelagic food chains. While the rate of increase in the epipelagic ecosystem is in close agreement with model predictions, the higher rate in the mesopelagic ecosystem has not previously been detected. However, the latter concurs with methylmercury production below the thermocline and conveys new insights into the understanding of the anthropogenic impact in the marine cycle of mercury.

Mesopelagic zone

Methylmercury

Mercury

10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<2489:aiimci>2.3.co;2

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Citations (4)

Global phylogeography of the band-rumped storm-petrel (Oceanodroma castro; Procellariiformes: Hydrobatidae)

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2007)

Andrea L. Smith L. R. Monteiro Osamu Hasegawa Vicki L. Friesen

Cape verde

10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.012

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Spatial variation of mercury levels in nesting Bonelli's eagles from Southwest Portugal: effects of diet composition and prey contamination

Environmental Pollution (2004)

Luís Palma Pedro Beja Paula C. Tavares L. R. Monteiro

Insectivore

Omnivore

10.1016/j.envpol.2004.05.017

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Citations (37)

Marine research, resources and conservation in the Azores

Oceanographic literature review (1996)

Sinara S. Santos S. Hawkins L. R. Monteiro Marileide Moraes Alves Eduardo Isidro

Marine conservation

10.1016/0967-0653(96)80378-e

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Diet of Common Terns in the Azores, Northeast Atlantic

Waterbirds (2002)

José P. Granadeiro L. R. Monteiro Mónica C. Silva Robert W. Furness

We studied the diet of the Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) in several islands of the Azores during 1994, based on the analysis of 777 food pellets. The diet of Common Terns was based on a few species of small pelagic fish. Trumpet Fish (Macroramphosus spp.) dominated the diet in terms of both frequency of occurrence (84%) and numerical frequency (69%). This species, together with Boarfish (Capros aper), Blue Jack Mackerel (Trachurus picturatus) and lantern fish (Families Myctophidae, Sternoptychidae, Diretmidae), accounted for more than 96% of the prey taken by Common Terns on all the islands. Insects occurred in 10% of all pellets analyzed and were present in almost 15% of the pellets from Corvo. Lantern fish represented an important fraction of the diet of Common Terns in the Azores and included several species previously undescribed as prey of seabirds in the region. Comparisons with dietary data obtained in subsequent years showed little inter-annual variability in the frequency of abundance of the main prey species, except for the lantern fish, which exhibited a higher frequency of occurrence in 1995.

Tern

Sterna

Common species

10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0149:doctit]2.0.co;2

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Validation of the water offloading technique for diet assessment: an experimental study with Cory’s shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea)

Journal of Ornithology (2005)

Verónica C. Neves Mark Bolton L. R. Monteiro

10.1007/s10336-005-0040-6

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Citations (17)