To further explore the best Forsus load power by analyzing the change of mandible's stress and displacement after Forsus protruded mandible instantaneously under different vertical component for providing theoretical basis.The pre-built Forsus protruding mandible model were build through Abaqus 6.5 software. The change of mandible's stress, displacement, and pathway trend under three different working conditions(horizontal component 4 N and vertical component 2, 4, 1 N).Torsion occurred in all condyles under three working conditions, and the stress was large. Under vertical component 2 and 1 N, the mandible demonstrated counterclockwise rotation, the maximum displacement occurred in the chin, respectively 1.150 mm and 2.141 mm; under vertical component 4 N, mandible rotation was not obvious, the maximum displacement of chin was only 0.188 mm.With the vertical component gradually decreased, the protrusion trend of chin increased; Forsus could promote the mandible counterclockwise rotation and modification when protruding mandible.
Computer-based writing is already a norm to a large extent in social communication for any major language around the world. From this perspective, it would be pedagogically sound for students to master the Chinese input system as early as possible. This poses some challenges to students in Singapore, most of which are learning Chinese as a second language, as inputting the non-alphabetic Chinese characters is not as direct as keyboard-based input. In this regard, an exploratory study that involved 419 students from three secondary schools was conducted. The aims of the study were three-folded, (1) To investigate if there is any differences between their performances in computer- and paper-based writing; (2) To determine the relationships between their Chinese input skills and their motivation in learning Chinese and using computers for Chinese assignments; (3) To recommend a cut-off level of pinyin input skill that students need to possess. The target students were first surveyed and then sat in two essay writing tests in the two different mediums. The collected data were quantitatively analyzed. The findings of this study will help to inform various strategies necessary to enhance students’ ability to carry out computer-based writing, and provide additional ground for the adoption of Chinese input system in formal curriculum and assessments.
With the advent of new media technologies, the role of media in a society has been changed that leads researchers to re-construct the meaning of literacy from classic literacy to new media literacy. There have been continuing efforts to understand new media and promote the importance of becoming new media literate among researchers, educators, and policy makers. Fundamental understanding to what is new media literacy still remains unclear. There is only one paper providing the preliminary work in unpacking the framework of new media literacy. Although the developed framework has its merit, more details and information need to further elaborate and refine. In this paper, we acknowledge the two continua framework and endorse four types of literacy comprising of this two-continua. Moreover, we provide ten fine-grained indicators to reflect these four types of literacy. We also propose another new divide that distinguishes Web1.0 from Web2.0.
Certain microRNAs (miRs) have important roles in the maintenance of bone development and metabolism, and a variety of miRs are known to be deregulated in diabetes. The present study investigated the role of miR‑203‑3p in the regulation of bone loss by assessing jaw bones of a rat model of type 2 diabetes. The results indicated that miR‑203‑3p inhibited osteogenesis in the jaws of diabetic rats and in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured in high‑glucose medium. A luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the bioinformatics prediction that miR‑203‑3p targets the 3'‑untranslated region of Smad1, which is an important mediator of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Smad pathway. Overexpression of Smad1 attenuated the miR‑203‑3p‑mediated suppression of osteogenic differentiation. It was therefore indicated that the BMP/Smad pathway is attenuated and the transforming growth factor‑β/activin pathway is promoted by Smad1 reduction. Taken together, it was indicated that miR‑203‑3p inhibits osteogenesis in jaw bones of diabetic rats by targeting Smad1 to inhibit the BMP/Smad pathway.
Although special children are a minority,it is of significance to develop their mentality and psychology. Since children of extraordinary intelligence and those mentally retarded have different psychological and physiological characteristics, special attention is to be paid to their development in mentality and psychology.
Enhancing the biocompatibility and osteogenic activity of nano-apatite for applications in bone graft substitutes and bone tissue engineering have been the current challenge in regeneration of lost bone. Inspired by mussels, here we have developed facile biomimetic approaches for preparation of two types of peptide-conjugated apatite nanocompsoties assisted by polydopamine (pDA). We exploited polydopamine chemistry for the modification of nano-apatite crystals: polydopamine coated apatite (HA-c-pDA) and polydopamine template-mediated apatite (HA-t-pDA), on which bone forming peptide was subsequently immobilized under weakly basic conditions to obtain peptide-conjugated apatite nanocomposites (HA-c-pep and HA-t-pep, respectively). TEM images revealed that HA-c-pDA displayed typically rod-like morphology, while HA-t-pDA was sponge-like structure where pDA sheets were decorated by needle-like apatite crystals with low degree of crystallinity. In the cell culture experiments, HA-t-pep nanocomposite exhibited higher cell proliferation, spreading, and alkaline phosphatase activity as well as calcium nodule-formation, compared with pristine nano-HA and HA-c-pep nanocomposite. We then implanted the peptide-decorated apatite into rabbit calvarial defects and analyzed bone formation after 2 months. The data revealed that HA-t-pep group exhibited remarkably enhanced bioactivity and bone formation in vivo. Based on these results, our biomimetic approach could be a promising tool to develop peptide-conjugated apatites for bone regeneration. Meanwhile, the excellent biocompatibility and high osteogenesis of the peptide-conjugated apatite nanocomposite might confer its great potentials in bone repair, bone augmentation, as well as coating of biomedical implants.
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