This dataset consists of stock (area) data for Broad Habitats across Great Britain in 2007 in a 1km grid format. The data are national estimates generated by analysing the sample data from 591 1km squares surveyed for the Countryside Survey long term monitoring project, then scaling up to a national level. The data are presented as percent habitat per 1km square for 17 different habitat types. The Countryside Survey is a unique study or 'audit' of the natural resources of the UK's countryside. The sample sites are chosen from a stratified random sample, based on a 15 by 15 km grid of GB. Surveys have been carried out in 1978, 1984, 1990, 1998 and 2007 with repeated visits to the majority of squares. The countryside is sampled and surveyed using rigorous scientific methods, allowing us to compare new results with those from previous surveys. In this way we can detect the gradual and subtle changes that occur in the UK's countryside over time. In addition to habitat areas, vegetation species data, soil data, linear habitat data, and freshwater habitat data are also gathered by Countryside Survey.
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A New Start Identifier - Cartes d'Identifications d'Etoiles pour Marins et Aviateurs, R. Todorovich (1954), 16 charts with explanation, table and transparent graticule, card, 12·7 x 9·8 in., Ferran (Marseille), price not stated. - Volume 8 Issue 2
Understanding “soil change” at the national scale, in addition to soil status, is a key challenge for national scale soil monitoring programs and is essential if more sustainable use of this finite resource is to be achieved. We present results from the first national scale survey of soil change to be reported three times within Europe and perhaps globally, covering a 30‐yr time span. Countryside Survey is an integrated national monitoring program that makes measurements of vegetation; topsoil physical, chemical, and biological characteristics (0–15 cm); water quality; and land use across Great Britain (GB), thus recognizing their interdependence. Here we report on change in fundamental soil chemical characteristics. Soil pH and loss on ignition (LOI) were measured in 1978, 1998, and 2007 and soil total nitrogen (total N) concentration and C/N ratio in 1998 and 2007. Bulk density was measured in 2007. Mean soil pH increased significantly in less acidic soils from 1978 through 1998 to 2007. Mean pH increased significantly in more acidic, organic‐rich soils from 1978 to 1998 but not between 1998 and 2007, indicating spatial trends in both sulfur deposition reductions and soil sensitivity. There was a small increase (8%) in GB topsoil C concentration (calculated from LOI) between 1978 and 1998, a small decrease (6.5%) between 1998 and 2007, and no significant overall change between 1978 and 2007. The unresolved difference between these results and those from the National Soil Inventory of England and Wales that reported wide‐scale large decreases in soil C concentrations in 2005 are discussed. There were unexpected small but significant decreases in total N concentration in many broad habitats despite continuing atmospheric nitrogen deposition. In seminatural and woodland habitats, this was accompanied by an increase in the C to N ratio, indicating one possible explanation is dilution of the nitrogen signal due to high C/N litter inputs resulting from increased primary productivity as reported elsewhere due to a range of global drivers such as increased CO 2 , N, and temperature. In arable systems, comparable rates of loss of C and N suggest erosion losses or deep plowing are reducing soil condition. The results are discussed in relation to the influences on soil processes of key drivers of environmental change and the importance of considering habitat‐specific trends.
The publication of Captain Flego's tables, which are of some theoretical interest, focuses attention on recent Yugoslav activity in the design of tables for astronomical navigation. The opportunity is therefore taken of adding to the review of these tables an account of S. M. Kotlaric's book; this was published in 1955 but has not previously been noticed in the Journal . English titles are used below. It is sad to announce the death of Captain Frane Flego, after a long illness, on 21 November 1957, after this review had been written. During a brief correspondence he was able to explain one or two points about his tables in rather more detail. The authors acknowledge much assistance during correspondence with S. M. Kotlaric.
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