Abstract Using 5 wild‐type strains of yeast, nonequivalence in the isolation of sterol mutants was observed. Experiments are described on the effects of sterol modifications on growth, physical and enzymic properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Phytophthora cactorum . Although discontinuities in Arrhenius kinetics were observed by fluorescence anisotropy and enzymic measurements of mutants (but not wild‐types) of yeast, evidence based on membrane permeability and differential scanning calorimetry failed to support bulk lipid phase transitions as the cause for the discontinuities.
The HRGP4.1 gene, which encodes a cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein, was isolated from a genomic library of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Two transcripts, one induced by wounding and one by elicitation, were transcribed from the same initiation site. The gene encodes a polypeptide of 580 amino acids with the amino terminal half consisting of repeats of the sequence serine-(proline)4-lysine-histidine-serine-(proline)4-(tyrosine)3-histidine and the carboxyl-terminal half composed of repeats of the sequence serine-(proline)4-valine-tyrosine-lysine-tyrosine-lysine. A 964-bp upstream promoter fragment was translationally fused to the [beta]-glucuronidase reporter gene (Escherichia coli uidA) and transferred into tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated leaf disc transformation. Analysis of [beta]-glucuronidase activity showed that wounding caused local activation of the HRGP4.1 promoter in the phloem. Infection by tobacco mosaic virus was a less effective inducer than wounding. Stress induction was superimposed on tissue-specific developmental expression in stem nodes and root tips, suggesting that HRGP4.1 may have specific structural roles in development as well as protective functions in defense. Deletion analysis showed that control of tissue specificity and wound inducibility lies in a region between -94 and -251 relative to the transcription start site and that activation by infection lies outside that region.
In the past, there were frequently complaints about the grading of laboratory reports in our laboratory chemistry courses. This article discussed the implementation of an online submission of laboratory acquired data using LON-CAPA (The Learning Online Network with Computer-Assisted Personalized Approach), which is an open source management and assessment system. The students input their data and calculation results, after which the submitted values are automatically graded, with the grading criteria developed by the instructor along with the option of awarding partial credit. The Post-Lab LON-CAPA showed several advantages. An overall improvement of student laboratory participation was noted; this benefit was attributed to increased accountability since the students are also graded on the quality of their data. For instructors and teaching assistants, online submission reduces the time spent grading, offers a more accurate and consistent grading scheme and more attention can now be given to the other parts of the laboratory write-up, such as discussion and conclusion.
Nuclear microsatellite DNA loci have proven useful for the establishment of parentage, determination of relationships among individuals in a population, estimation of gene flow patterns among populations, and examination of geographic variation throughout the range of a species. These loci have considerable potential for managers interested in the behavior, breeding biology, and basic ecology of wildlife species. We present the characterization of 4 multiplexed primer sets, representing 21 microsatellite DNA loci, which can be used to evaluate the population structure and genetic relationships among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). These markers are useful to establish parentage and study gene flow and genetic divergence within and between populations. Indices of genetic diversity for these loci were estimated using genotypes of 72 free-ranging deer from southeastern Oklahoma. The mean expected heterozygosity of the overall panel was 0.723, and mean number of alleles per locus was 8.38. The total exclusion power of the panel was calculated for 2 scenarios. First parent exclusion, with neither parent known, was 0.999977. Second parent exclusion, with the genotype of 1 parent known, was 1.000000, This panel of microsatellite DNA loci should prove very effective for use in genetic studies of both captive and free-ranging populations of white-tailed deer.
Abstract In recent years, Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) technology has received significant attention. Its low pressure makes the MSR a low-risk option which, when coupled with its high temperature, makes it a highly beneficial choice for power generation and suggests the ease of integration with other systems such as desalination. It is worthwhile with the growing interest in MSRs, to develop a simulation tool that can predict performance in a multi-faceted MSR-based flow loop. This study focuses on MSR applications, namely clean water production utilizing a specific optimized combination of FLiNaK and supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) cycles. It addresses the growing worldwide need to decarbonize our energy production and simultaneously provide clean water. The results of optimized MSR-desalination configurations exhibit promising implications for the production of abundant amounts of clean water while also maintaining ample power supply to the electrical grid. They show that a design for a coupled MSR and desalination plant are not only possible but that the components and design are scalable for 50–250 MWth power input.