NN and Pi-N partial wave radial potentials have been generated using the latest SM94-VPI(NN) and FA93-VPI(Pi-N) phase shifts. The potentials are used to determine the deuteron properties and to compute the 3H and 3He binding energies. The e_1 mixing angles of SM94-VPI and NY93-Nijmegen differ significantly and inversion potentials yield a P_d of 6.37% and 5.78%, respectively. Underbinding of 3H and 3He is enhanced by SM94, which signals more nonlocality and/or three-body potential effects than predicted from Nijmegen phase shifts and boson exchange models. The local pion-nucleon S_31, P_31 and P_33 channel potentials have been generated for guidance and to obtain a quantitative impression in r-space of what the Pi-N FA93-VPI phase shifts imply.
The current understanding of the NN force in terms of boson exchange predicts a dominance of OPEP for the long range part beyond 3 fm. The NN data are well reproduced with the Bonn, Nijmegen and Paris potentials. Independent of these model potentials are phase shift analyses from the VPI-Arndt and Nijmegen-de Swart groups. Using Gel`fand -Levitan and Marchenko inversion and Darboux-Crum-Krein transformations we can reproduce all features of potential models and in particular their OPEP tail with very high precision and radii r<15 fm. This confirmation of the analytic OPEP tail proves the validity of the inversion algorithms. This is important since we find that neither the Nijmegen phase shift analysis nor the SM94 and/or VZ40 Arndt PSA data imply OPEP in a clear and decisive form. From our analysis we conclude that OPEP is sufficient but not necessary to explanin present data.
Are statistical methods, which take randomness of data as their starting-point, appropriate to the study of something so highly systematic as the English language? The challenge seems justified by the non-random effects of context or semantics, transition, and recursion, despite the significant degree of unpredictability that remains. Yet valid statistical analysis often proceeds by assuming no such effects exist (the null hypothesis), then establishing whether they do. Furthermore, the postulate of randomness is not essential to descriptive statistics, which meets most of the requirements of computational stylistics.
The challenge may, however, have force in the area of predictive statistics, where the relationship between a specimen and a named population is in question -- and the notion of a random, representative sample is crucial. In answer, the author proposes the idea of specimens from a repertoire instead of the statistician's usual samples from a population, and looks forward to the establishing of a grammar of probabilities to replace the abstract postulate of randomness.
Differing frequency-patterns in the modal auxiliary verbs show statistically significant differentiations among Jane Austen's characters, between dialogue and narrative, and between different modes of narrative In this respect, the modal auxiliaries behave like other major word-classes. When such firm contrasts can be made between the different constituents of a single literary work and, likewise, between the constituents of different works, it is possible to connect the statistical findings with questions of meaning and value. In this way, literary statistics and literary criticism can be drawn towards each other The main evidence is taken from Jane Austen's novels but the argument is supported by comparisons with Virginia Woolf's The Waves and with Sanditon, by Jane Austen and Another Lady.
THE NARRATIVES that Henry Fielding interpolated into his fiction have caused later readers much concern, and a good deal of critical energy has been expended trying to explain, or explain away, their presence.1 There are examples of such narratives in all of his major fictions, but his method of presenting them was not consistent. History of Betty the Chambermaid in Joseph Andrews, for example, is narrated authorially in his archest and most brilliant manner, while Miss Mathews and Mrs. Bennet in Amelia tell their own stories, and whatever the resulting gain in authenticity in Amelia, there is no denying the loss of style and manner. The question of why Fielding chose to have Miss Mathews and Mrs. Bennet tell their own stories is a curious one; and the fact that most, though not all, of the characters who tell their own histories in Fielding's novels are female raises a number of further questions. Why did Fielding choose to experiment with dramatic writing most often in
Are statistical methods, which take randomness of data as their starting-point, appropriate to the study of something so highly systematic as the English language? The challenge seems justified by the non-random effects of context or semantics, transition, and recursion, despite the significant degree of unpredictability that remains. Yet valid statistical analysis often proceeds by assuming no such effects exist (the null hypothesis), then establishing whether they do. Furthermore, the postulate of randomness is not essential to descriptive statistics, which meets most of the requirements of computational stylistics.
The challenge may, however, have force in the area of predictive statistics, where the relationship between a specimen and a named population is in question and the notion of a random, representative sample is crucial. In answer, the author proposes the idea of specimens from a repertoire instead of the statistician's usual samples from a population , and looks forward to the establishing of a grammar of probabilities to replace the abstract postulate of randomness.
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