It was recently shown that connecting two resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) in parallel so that the bias across them was offset resulted in a current-voltage (I-V) characteristic with two separate negative differential resistance (NDR) regions. More recently, two discrete InAlAs/InGaAs RTDs were combined in tandem to obtain near-ideal room-temperature I-V characteristics that had two well-defined NDR regions. Using molecular-beam epitaxy, the authors have extended this idea by vertically integrating five InAlAs/InGaAs double-barrier RTDs in sequence to obtain a vertically integrated diode (VID) that had five NDR regions. The five tunneling structures were separated from each other by 500-AA n/sup +/ InGaAs layers that which destroyed electron coherence between the tunneling regions, so that each resonant-tunneling structure switched sequentially with increasing bias. The VID has been used to demonstrate a multilevel memory element that has five distinct voltage states that can be set by using small current pulses. The VID was also used in a circuit to generate the parity of an 11-bit word.< >
To meet the Topaz II Flight Safety requirements, a hardware modification to the Russian‐built reactor is needed to ensure the reactor remains subcritical in the event of an inadvertent accident in which the reactor is submersed in wet sand or water. In April 1993, the American Flight safety team chose the fuel‐out anticriticality device (ACD) (Trujillo, D. A. 1993) as the baseline for the hardware design. We describe the initial stages of the hardware design; show how the mechanism works; and describe its function, the functional and operational requirements, and the difficult design problems encountered. Also described, are the initial interactions between the Russian and American design teams. Because the effort is to add an American modification to a Russian flight reactor, this project has required unusual technical cooperation and consultation with the Russian design team.
Abstract The aerodynamic performance of a multi-element high-lift system has a critical influence on the direct operating cost of a subsonic civil transport aircraft. A thorough understanding of the aerodynamic characteristics of these multi-element aerofoils and wings allows aircraft companies to design and build more competitive aircraft with high-lift systems that are less complex and lighter for given high-lift performance or that have improved lift and drag characteristics for given system complexity and weight. Flight experiments on NASA Langley's B737-100 aircraft have been conducted to further enhance the understanding of the complex flows about multi-element high-lift systems at full-scale flight conditions. In this paper, an overview of the flight program is provided, followed by highlights of experimental results and computational analysis. Measurements included surface pressures on the slats, main element and flap elements using flush pressure ports and pressure belts, surface shear stresses using Preston tubes, off-surface velocity distributions using boundary layer/wake rakes, aeroelastic deformations of the flap elements using an optical positioning system, and boundary layer transition detection using hot-film anemometers and an infrared imaging system. Boundary layer transition measurements on the slat using hot-film sensors are correlated with the flow visualisation results from an infrared imaging technique. Extensive application of several computational techniques and comparisons with flight measurements are shown for a limited number of cases. This program has generated an extensive set of data, much of which are still being analysed.
The microwave performance of 1- mu m gate-length n-MOSFETs fabricated on both SIMOX and BESOI substrates was measured. The process included a self-aligned silicide in an otherwise conventional MOS sequence. Initial optimization yielded devices with an f/sub max/ of 14 GHz on BESOI and 11 GHz on SIMOX. Coplanar waveguides (CPWs) were fabricated on substrates with resistivities from 4 to 4000 Omega -cm. A loss of 1.8 dB/cm at 2 GHz was demonstrated on the 4000- Omega -cm float-zone substrate.< >
A technique of using two opposing airflows, to produce a turbulent mixing region where the highest shear occurs at a point with zero mean velocity, has been utilized to allow probe-microphone measurements of the shear-flow fluctuating pressure field with zero convection velocity. The method also removes the problem of the microphones disturbing the mean flow of the turbulent mixing region. The program has included a study of various microphone configurations to investigate the effect of the microphone disturbance of the turbulent velocity fluctuations on the pressure signals measured. The results indicated a normalized pressure-fluctuation spectrum, which has more power at high frequencies as compared to the corresponding longitudinal turbulent-velocity spectrum. This is in agreement with the earlier results reported for the weaker shear flow of turbulent wakes, and contrary to theoretical predictions based on studying isotropic turbulence and applying a velocity gradient to the results to represent a turbulent shear flow. [Work supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama.]