Smoking is a traditional preserving method used for both fish and meat products around the world.Smoked fish products have wide acceptance today due to their accustomed taste and aroma as well as their extended shelf-life.In this study, we aimed to determine quality changes and shelf-life of wild hot-smoked Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus, Steindachner, 1868) during frozen storage (-20±2°C) in comparison with its cultured counterparts.After gutting, cleaning and draining the samples, they were salted in 10% brine solution for 1 h and hot smoked within the same day.The samples were placed in styrofoam plates covered with a stretched film and frozen at -40C for 24 h.Then, all samples were stored at -20±2°C until spoilage.Chemical, microbiological and sensory analyses were performed monthly to investigate their quality changes and the shelf stability of the products.The results of total volatile basic-nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid and trimethylamine were obtained within the acceptable levels.Histamine values were found well below the permitted limits set by Food and Drug Administration and European Union.Sensory results showed that both storage groups (wild and cultured) had 7 months of shelf-life.This study showed that hot-smoked wild and cultured horse mackerel can be stored at -20±2°C for 7 months.Culturing did not make any significant differences (P<0.05) in sensory quality despite of differences in chemical and microbiological changes between wild and cultured groups during storage.On the other hand, better consumer acceptance was observed for cultured samples indicating the advantage of culturing this species for a better market value.We also observed that frozen storage can retard the formation of biogenic amine contents and therefore, it is suggested to apply for such products to avoid histamine health risk.
Meat yield, biochemical composition, and fatty acid profile of farmed brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax) and their hybrids were compared.Hybrids contained significantly higher carcass and meat yield values than brook and Black Sea trout.Although the weight percent head and bone (brook trout as 13.14, 1.66 %, Black Sea trout as 13.52, 1.22 % and their hybrids as 13.92, 1.44 %) of the species were similar, fin, carcass, gonad, liver, internal organs and meat yield of the species were significantly different from each other (P<0.05).Significant variation also occurred in their protein, fat (P<0.001) and ash contents (P<0.05) with the highest protein and fat contents in Black Sea trout.Although some variations occurred (P<0.05) between sexes for total saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA), there were no significant differences in the overall values among trout samples.Highest SFA was found for Black Sea trout as 22.04%.Hybrid samples contained lowest total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) as 27.14% and significantly differed from brook trout.The highest polyunsaturated values were found in the hybrid samples as 39.41%.The values of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3), docosahexanoic acid (DHA 22:6 n-3), Σn3 for hybrids were significantly higher compared to others (P<0.05) and accounted for 4.27, 18.48 and 24.98%, respectively.The n3/n6 ratio significantly varied among the samples (1.41-1.89)with the highest value found in hybrids.Hybrid samples showed better meat yield and fatty acid profile compared to brook trout and Black Sea trout.Therefore, aquaculturing hybrid of Salvelinus fontinalis x Salmo trutta labrax is beneficial for fish farming and may present higher economical value.
The objectives of the present study were to compare growth performance and feed conversion ratios of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax) in monoculture and duo-culture tank reared conditions. The fish were about 9-month-old hatchery reared brook trout and Black Sea trout with initial weights of 24.18±0.64 (n=60) and 23.87±1.11 (n=60) g, respectively. Fish were kept in 0.2 m fiberglass tanks. Nine tanks were used and the fish were equally allotted to 3 groups with tree replicates and fed for 240 days. Each tank contained 20 fish from each species for monoculture and 10+10 fish from each species for duo-culture. At the end of the study, mean live weights of brook trout and Black Sea trout increased to 265.47±17.25 g and 206.18±2.95 g in monoculture, 235.53±10.25 g and 222.47±14.29 g in duo-culture, respectively, and significant differences were found among the groups (P<0.01). The highest and lowest specific growth rates were found in brook trout and Black Sea trout in monoculture (P<0.01), respectively. The highest and lowest final condition factors were calculated in duo-culture for brook trout and in monoculture for Black Sea trout (P<0.01), respectively. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) for Black Sea trout was higher than it was for the other groups (P < 0.01).
Bu calismada Kaynak alabaligi (Salvelinus fontinalis, Mitchell, 1824) alevinlerinin yemlemeye bagli besin kesesi tuketimi ve buyume oranlari belirlenmistir. Yumurtalar 11.62±0.56 °C su sicakliginda kuluckalanmis ve yumurtadan cikan yaklasik 500 adet alevin bir akvaryuma yerlestirilmistir. Alevinlerin (21.gun) A ve B olarak 2 gruba ayrilmis ve A grubu gunde 3 kez yemlenmistir. Yumurtalarin % 90’inin yumurtadan ciktigi an 0 kabul edilmistir ve alevinler 7., 14., 21., 28., 35., 42., 49. gunlerde orneklenmistir. A ve B gruplarinin kuru kese agirliklari yumurtadan ciktigi donemde her ikisi icin 23.01±0.76 mg ve serbest yuzme doneminde 0.72±0.27 mg ve 0.70±0.29 mg hesaplanmistir (p 0.05). Besin kesesi donusum randimani, boyca ve agirlikca buyume oranlari, besin kesesi tuketimi ve kondiston faktoru degerleri en yuksek A grubunda hesaplanmistir (p>0.05).
Mariculturing of horse mackerel is not known in the world. Additionally, limited studies exist on quality changes of smoked horse mackerel at refrigerated temperatures. Therefore, in this study, between 1+ and 2-year-old wild and cultured horse mackerels were hot smoked and stored at refrigerated conditions. Chemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses were performed weekly to investigate quality changes and to determine the shelf stability of the products. The results of thiobarbituric acid, trimethylamine, and total bacteria counts were obtained within the acceptable levels. Although the counts of histamine-forming bacteria increased significantly (p < 0.05) during storage, histamine values were well below the permitted limits set by Food and Drug Administration and European Union (EU). Sensory results showed that both storage groups had 3 weeks of shelf life. Total volatile basic nitrogen values supported sensory results. Therefore, the results indicate that culturing of horse mackerel did not alter the quality during storage at 4 ± 1°C.
The aim of present study was to determine the growth performance of Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii throughout 5 years and to investigate problems encountered in grow-out phase. Fish samples (2750.88±351.18 g, 80.18±6.49 cm mean±SD) were equally stocked into fiberglass tanks, three replicate per treatment and fed for 5 years. Gain of weight and length, Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Condition Factor (CF) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were determined. Our results indicated that mean final length and weight were 106.34±2.79 (cm) and 6651.16±3.16 (g). The mean condition factor (CF) at year 5 was 0.51. FCR values fluctuated and the highest value of food conversion rate (FCR) was determined in 4th year. During the rearing period of Russian sturgeon, SGR values decreased dramatically from 2.88 to 1.83. In conclusion, slow growth was determined in Russian sturgeon A. gueldenstaedtii. Therefore, there is need for extensive evaluation and comparison of data obtained from field studies and those obtained from laboratory studies.