Model Driven Architecture Based Testing (MDABT) is a testing approach exploiting the knowledge in the design phase to test the software system. MBT can use different representations of the system to generate testing procedures for different aspects of the software systems. The overall objective of this paper is to present a model-driven architecture based testing tool framework whereby the adopted models represent models of the architecture. Based on the model-based testing approach we propose the MDABT process and the corresponding tool. The tool has been implemented using the Eclipse Epsilon Framework. We illustrate the MDABT tool framework for deriving test cases from different architecture views.
Summary Context: The architectural drift problem defines the discrepancy between the architecture description and the code. Deviations of the code from the architecture can occur if architectural constraints as defined in the architectural models are not implemented in the code. For large‐scale systems, manually checking the consistency of the architecture with the code is not trivial and cumbersome. Objective: The overall objective of this paper is to propose and analyze the effectiveness and practicality of an architecture conformance analysis approach using model‐based testing (ACAMBT) approach for checking the consistency between architectural models and the code. Hereby, we consider the case whereby the architecture is assumed correct, and the code needs to align with the architecture. Method: We propose a model‐based testing that uses architectural views to automatically derive test cases for checking the architectural constraints in the code. We have evaluated the approach and the corresponding toolset for a real industrial case study using a systematic case study protocol. Further, we have adopted exhaustive fault‐injection techniques to detect the constraint violations. Results: The evaluation of the approach on real code showed that deviations with the architectural constraints could be easily detected in the code. Conclusion: We can conclude that ACAMBT is effective for identifying inconsistencies between the architecture views and the code for the defined view constraints. Our survey study with practitioners showed that adopting the ACAMBT approach is practical and easy to use. The approach as such can be considered as a complimentary tool to the existing testing and reflexion modeling approaches.
Like many application domains Big Data has become a very important driver for innovation and growth for e-government which aims to automate the public services to citizens. In general, e-government systems are often characterized as big data systems in which data storage and processing is one of the business-critical concerns. However, different features are required for different e-government systems, and likewise the corresponding big data architectures will need to be different as well. In this chapter, we present a systematic approach for the design of various big data architectures within the e-government domain. In this context, we adopt a big data reference architecture with a variability model for big data systems and e-government systems. We discuss the design decisions, the experiences and the lessons learned for deriving application architectures for different e-government systems.
Studies suggest that maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy may be implicated in development of neurological disorders with timing of immune challenge and spatial differences playing an important role. However, further research is necessary in order to elucidate fully the CNS regions, cell populations and timing of gestational vulnerability. As the development of the spinal cord (SC) is well characterised, here we investigate how MIA affects cell populations and developmental processes in this CNS region. Time‐mated dams received an intraperitoneal injection of 100μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline on embryonic day (E)12 or 16. Embryos were harvested 5hr post‐injection, or delivered and sacrificed at postnatal day (P)14. Offspring were fixed, frozen whole or following SC dissection and cryosectioned. In order to determine how MIA affects oligodendrocyte precursors, microglia, and reelin expression during development, sections were immunostained with Olig2, Iba‐1 and reelin. In addition total RNA was extracted from fresh frozen SCs and prepared for microarray, RNAseq and small RNAseq. At E12, numbers of Olig2+ and Iba‐1+ cells were unchanged 5hrs post‐LPS injection but Olig2+ cells were decreased in the ventral grey matter of the rostral SC at P14. The number of Iba‐1+ cells were unchanged at P14. At E16, Olig2+ and Iba‐1+ cells were decreased in grey and white matter 5 hrs post‐LPS, however by P14 there was no difference between the LPS and saline treated groups. Reelin expression following MIA at E12 appeared unchanged at 5hrs and P14 however, at E16, reelin expression was decreased 5hrs after MIA. Total cell numbers at E16, at both the 5hr and P14 survival times, were unchanged following LPS injection. These findings suggest MIA affects development in the SC in a temporally and spatially precise manner. At E12 MIA does not appear to affect olig2+ oligodendrocyte precursors acutely but may affect their survival to P14. In contrast, at E16, MIA affects Olig2+, Iba‐1+ and reelin expression acutely. Ongoing work is characterising postnatal reelin expression following LPS at E16, and the phenotype of Iba1+ cells to understand more fully the detailed cellular perturbations resulting from MIA. Support or Funding Information Anatomical Society, Graduate Entry Medical School, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
One of the key requirements for the code is conformance with the architecture. Architectural drift implies the diverging of the implemented code from the architecture design of the system. Manually checking the consistency between the implemented code and architecture can be intractable and cumbersome for large-scale systems. This article proposes a holistic, automated architecture drift analysis approach that explicitly focuses on the adoption of architecture views. The approach builds on, complements, and enhances existing architecture conformance analysis methods that do not adopt a holistic approach or fail to address the architecture viewpoints. A model-driven development approach is adopted in which architecture views are represented as specifications of domain-specific languages. The code in its turn, is analyzed, and the architectural view specifications are reconstructed, which are then automatically checked with the corresponding architecture models. To illustrate the approach, we have applied a systematic case study research for an architecture drift analysis of the business-to-customer (B2C) system within a large-scale software company. The case study research showed that divergences and absences of architectural elements could be detected in a cost-effective manner with the proposed approach.
Bu calisma, Kahramanmaras kosullarinda 2010 - 2011 tahil yetistirme sezonunda, arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.) ve adi fig (Vicia sativa L.) bitkileri saf ve %50 karisimlarina, bakteri (Rhizobium leguminosarum L.) ve bakterisiz uygulama yapilarak yurutulmustur. Arastirmada; yesil ve kuru ot verimi (kg da-1), biyolojik verim (kg da-1), ADF ve NDF orani (%), ham protein ve kuru madde oranlari (%) incelenmistir. Bakteri asilamasi sadece kuru madde oraninda istatistiki olarak onemli oldugu, diger ozelliklerde ise bitkilerin ot verimini ve kalite iceriklerini arttirdigi, fakat onemsiz oldugu kaydedilmistir. Arastirmada incelenen ve istatistiki olarak onemli olan ozelliklerden, en yuksek kuru ot verimi (708.7 kg da-1) saf arpa ekimden, biyolojik verim (1991.2 kg da-1) karisim ekim sisteminden, ham protein orani (% 23.93) saf fig ekiminden, kuru madde orani (% 88.56) karisim ekiminden elde edilmistir.
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