Iván Montes

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

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Neil C. Bruce

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Dekui Li

Hefei University of Technology

Mónica Canabal-Carbia

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Octavio López‐Coronado

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Zhongyi Guo

Dongguan University of Technology

Juan Campos

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

ÁL

Ángel Lizana

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Juan Manuel López-Téllez

Centro de Investigaciones en Optica

Irene Estévez

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Cooperative Institutions

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Hefei University of Technology

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

International Society for Optics and Photonics

Bellingham Technical College

Liaocheng University

Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Beijing University of Chinese Medicine

Wuhan Technology and Business University

Taiyuan University of Technology

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Design and calibration for a Full-Stokes imaging polarimeter.

Iván Montes Neil C. Bruce

The design and construction of a Full-Stokes Imaging polarimeter is presented. The device uses a telescope optical system and a polarization state analyzer (PSA) to obtain polarimetric images on a CCD. The PSA employs two liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVR) and a linear polarizer to measure the four Stokes parameters. The Stokes polarimetry method used in this paper is based on the application of six combinations of retardance values on the LCVRs. A well-known method is used to extract all the Stokes vector parameters from this intensity data. Due to experimental errors, a calibration is necessary. The calibration method used in this paper, also calculates the errors in the experimental set-up by fitting the experimental intensity measurements for the calibration samples to a theoretical polarimeter with errors. In this case, we used incident 45° polarized light to control the output polarization, and six calibration samples. The errors calculated in the method include the axes alignment errors and the errors in the retardance values of both LCVRs. The acquisition of Stokes images used a telescope optical system with a CCD camera.

Polarimeter

Stokes parameters

Polarizer

10.1117/12.2306477

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Polarization characterization of liquid-crystal variable retarders

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE (2016)

Iván Montes Neil C. Bruce Juan Manuel López-Téllez

A comparison between two experimental techniques to characterize retardance as a function of applied voltage of liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVR) is presented. In the first method the variable retarder was rotated between two polarizers with their transmission axes parallel, and the retardance was calculated from the Fourier series coefficients for each applied voltage. The second method involved using two polarizers with their transmission axes perpendicular to each other, the variable retarder was placed between the polarizers with its optical axis at 45° from the horizontal, and a final stage known as "phase unwrapping" is used on experimental data to obtain the voltage-retardance function. With these two experimental methods, the voltage-retardance relationship was obtained. To verify the accuracy of this characterization a second experiment involving the production of specific polarization states was performed as the basis of a Mueller polarimeter. A method based on measuring the optical signal resulting from the application of a predetermined set of fixed values of retardance in each retarder was used. 16 elements of the Mueller matrix of a polarizer with its transmission axis at 0° and 90° were measured, and the results are compared to the expected theoretical values.

10.1117/12.2237087

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Enhanced characterization of depolarizing samples using indices of polarization purity and polarizance–reflection–transformation spaces

Advanced Photonics Nexus (2025)

Dekui Li Iván Montes Mónica Canabal-Carbia Irene Estévez Octavio López‐Coronado

Depolarizing behavior is commonly observed in most natural samples. For this reason, optical tools measuring the differences in depolarization response among spatially separated structures are highly useful in a wide range of imaging applications for enhanced visualization of structures, target identification, etc. One commonly used tool for depolarizing discrimination is the so-called depolarizing spaces. In this article, we exploit the combined use of two depolarizing spaces, the indices of polarization purity (IPP) and polarizance–reflection–transformation (PRT) spaces, to improve the capability of optical systems to identify polarization–anisotropy depolarizers. The potential of these spaces to discriminate among different depolarizers is first studied from a series of simulations by incoherently adding diattenuations or retarders, with some control parameters emulating samples in nature. The simulated results demonstrate that the proposed methods are capable of increasing differences among depolarizers beyond other well-known techniques. Experimentally, validation is provided by conducting diverse phantom experiments of easy interpretation and mimicking the stated simulations. As a useful application of our approach, we developed a model able to retrieve intrinsic microscopic information of samples from macroscopic polarimetric measurements. The proposed methods enable non-invasive, straightforward, macroscopic characterization of depolarizing samples, and may be of interest for enhanced visualization of samples in multiple imaging scenarios.

Characterization

Reflection

10.1117/1.apn.4.1.016009

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