Serum immunoglobulin levels were measured In mothers and in infants from birth to one year In a longitudinal study of low birth weight infants. The 103 infants were classified into five groups on the basis of 500 gm decrements of birth weight from 3,000 gm to less than 1,500 gm. The mean serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM in the mothers in the five groups were not significantly different, but there was a significant progression in mean cord serum IgG levels, from 1,312 mg/100 ml In the heaviest Infants to 608 mg/100 ml in the lightest infants. Decay of this IgG acquired from the mother across the placenta proceeded at similar rates in the five groups. Of infants weighing under 2,000 gm, 50% showed a serum IgG level below 200 mg/100 ml between 12 and 24 weeks, with a high incidence of infection. The lightest Infants showed rapid Increases In IgG levels in the first month, the increases correlating with Gram-negative bacterial infections. The mean serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM at one year were respectively 683, 43 and 57 mg/100 ml.
Abstract The incidence and distribution of the Gm allotypic markers Gm (a), (x), (g), (b) and (f) were studied in 113 Caucasian subjects who were classified on the basis of the serum titer of “natural” anti-flagellin antibodies and their response to injection with 5µg flagellin from Salmonella adelaide. There were 59 subjects with a low titer (< 100) of “natural” anti-flagellin antibodies (LNA) and of these, 43 had a low primary response (LPR, peak titer < 100) to injected flagellin; these 59 subjects were classified as “low responders.” There were 18 subjects with a high titer of “natural” antibodies (HNA, titer τ; 600) and a separate group of 36 with a high primary response (HPR, titer τ; 10,000); these 54 subjects were classified as “high responders.”. As expected in Caucasians, all subjects positive for Gm (a) were also positive for Gm (g) (64.6%) and all subjects positive for Gm (b) were also positive for Gm (f) (89.4%). The number of Gm (a,g) subjects was significantly higher in group HNA than in group LNA (P < 0.05) and significantly higher in “high responders” than in “low responders” (P < 0.05). Otherwise stated, the absence of the Gma,g gene group was associated with a lower response to flagellin. The results indicate a significant association in these subjects between the magnitude of the immune response to flagellin (indicated by antibody titers) and the Gm genotype.
Abstract Quantitative idiotypic studies were performed with monoclonal proteins from nine patients with the rare dermatologic disease papular mucinosis (PM). The PM serum protein is a basic “cathodal” IgG-1 monoclonal protein of λ light chain type and we postulated that these proteins might represent antibodies against acidic mucopolysaccharide components in the skin deposits or subcutaneous tissue of the PM patients. Specific anti-idiotypic antisera were prepared against each of four isolated PM proteins. The inhibition of the reaction between the 125I-labeled F(ab′)2 fragment of a PM protein and its homologous anti-idiotypic antiserum was tested with a series of proteins. In each case the homologous PM protein produced 98 to 100% inhibition whereas no inhibition was obtained with the other eight PM proteins, by a panel of 10 myeloma proteins of different classes, subclasses and light chain types, nor by fractions of normal IgG from PM patients or normal subjects. No inhibition was produced by a 2000-fold excess of normal IgG, suggesting that the idiotypic determinants of PM proteins are not represented in significant numbers of molecules in normal IgG. Further experiments for cross-reactivity between the four anti-idiotypic antisera found only slight cross-reactivity with one antiserum. Antisera against the γ chains of normal IgG from each of the four PM patients and from normal subjects consistently reacted with a small but significant percentage of the F(ab′)2 fragments of the PM proteins; the specificity was apparently not due to anti-light chain activity nor anti-human Fc activity and may have been directed against determinants in the variable region of the Fd portion. There was no evidence for significant sharing of common idiotypic determinants by the PM proteins suggesting that, if these proteins were antibodies against acidic skin compounds, their specificities were directed against different compounds or against different determinants on the one compound.
The present experiments determined whether traumatic lesions of the dentate gyrus granule cells had a different effect on the afferents in the molecular layer (ML) than nontraumatic lesions. Nontraumatic lesions of the granule cells induced by colchicine, ibotenic acid, x-radiation, and adrenalectomy have been reported to reduce both the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive fibers and entorhinal afferents in the ML. After the nontraumatic granule cell lesions, the laminar distribution of the entorhinal afferents was maintained in the ML, whereas the AChE laminar pattern was lost. In the present study, dentate granule cells were traumatically lesioned by a fluid injection into the infragranular cleavage plane (IGCP) of the dentate gyrus. The traumatic lesion resulted in an altered distribution of the afferents in the ML. The perforant path fibers, shown by injection of wheat germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase into the entorhinal cortex, occupied a greater proportion of the ML in lesioned animals than in control animals. The normal laminar pattern of AChE-positive afferents was not present after the granule cell lesion. There was an initial increase in AChE-positive fibers in the ML that lasted several weeks but eventually returned to near normal levels. The altered distribution of afferents could in part be due to uneven shrinkage of the molecular layer and/or sprouting of the afferents. Granule cell suspension transplants into the IGCP also traumatically lesioned the host granule cells but immediately replaced the damaged host granule cells with immature granule cells. The distribution of afferents was similar to that found in lesioned-only animals. The traumatic lesion induced MAP2 immunoreactivity in the anisomorphic reactive astrocytes of the ML. At the longer survival times, MAP2 was not seen in either the astrocytes of the ML or in the isomorphic reactive astrocytes in CA3.
Summary: A group of 54 patients suffering from chronic lymphatic leukaemia has been analysed for the correlation of clinical and haematological data in relation to immunoglobulin levels. Not one patient in this series had a normal immunoglobulin pattern, the majority revealed severe reductions of IgA and IgM immunoglobulin levels. The low immunoglobulin levels were associated with higher blood lymphocyte counts, presence of lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. With increasing disease duration the immunoglobulins tended to be lower and this was accentuated in the patients receiving treatment. Low levels of immunoglobulin had a high correlation with incidence of infection and death due to infection. These findings are consistent with the thesis that chronic lymphatic leukaemia is a manifestation of an accumulation of immunologically incompetent cells.
Journal Article Tropical splenomegaly syndrome in New Guinea I. Natural history Get access G.G. Crane, G.G. Crane The Haematology Research Unit, Angau Memorial Hospital, Lae, Territory ofPapua New GuineaInstitute of Human Biology, Goroka, Papua New GuineaPrince Henry Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Vivian Wells, J. Vivian Wells The Haematology Research Unit, Angau Memorial Hospital, Lae, Territory ofPapua New GuineaInstitute of Human Biology, Goroka, Papua New GuineaPrince Henry Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Hudson P. Hudson The Haematology Research Unit, Angau Memorial Hospital, Lae, Territory ofPapua New GuineaInstitute of Human Biology, Goroka, Papua New GuineaPrince Henry Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 66, Issue 5, 1972, Pages 724–732, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(72)90086-7 Published: 01 January 1972
Abstract Lymphocytes may be stimulated to undergo transformation into blast cells by a variety of nonspecific chemical agents, or by antiglobulin or antilymphocyte antisera. Antigens act as mitogenic agents on lymphocytes from sensitized animals (1-3). We have now observed that the action of various mitogens on human and rabbit peripheral lymphoeytes is markedly enhsnced in the presence of the reducing agents, l-cysteine, glutathione, or sulfite. Rabbit peripheral lymphocytes were isolated, purified on a cotton-wool column and cultured as described previously (4). Human leukocytes were obtained from the blood of normal individuals by allowing the cells to settle in 10% Plasmagel (Laboratoire Roger Bellon, Neuilly, France). The leukocyte-rich layer was removed and the cells were washed several times with 20% decomplemented fetal calf serum in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM). Leukocytes were cultured (4) at a concentration of 106 cells/ml. Rabbit lymphoeytes were cultured for 48 hr and human leukocytes for 108 hr; 24 hr before harvest, 5 µCi of 3H-thymidine (6.7 Ci/mM) was added to the rabbit lymphocyte cultures and either 5 µCi or 2 µCi of 3H-thymidine to the human leukocyte cultures. Radioactivity incorporated into DNA was determined as described previously (4).
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