O-Methylation, commonly found in synthesis of secondary metabolites of plants and micro-organisms, appears to transfer a methyl group to the hydroxyl group of the recipient which increases the hydrophobicity of the recipient. O-Methyltransferase (OMT), SaOMT-2, was isolated and characterized from Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680. Its amino acid sequence showed 68% similarity with antibiotic C-1027 OMT and 53% similarity with the carminomycin 4-OMT. SaOMT-2 was expressed in E. coli as a His-tag fusion protein and showed that the methyl was transferred onto the 7- hydroxyl group of the isoflavones, daidzein and genistein, and the flavones, kaempferol and quercetin, as well as the flavanone naringenin. NMR and liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry were used to confirm the location of the methyl group on the recipient compound of naringenin, which was biotransformed into sakuranetin by E. coli transformant expressing SaOMT-2 (E. coli Sa-2). Therefore, E. coli Sa-2 would be used for the synthesis of the antifungal flavonoid, sakuranetin, through biotransformation. Keywords: Biotransformation; flavonoids; O-methyltransferase; Streptomyces avermitilis
Industry 4.0 is aimed at setting up a smart factory, which focuses on developing base technologies such as Internet Of Things (IOT), sensor, cyber-physical system and etc. The smart factory produces process data in real time through the sensor for each process. Thus, it is required to ensure simultaneous processing of large amounts of data poured in real time from sensors. Since a traditional RDBMS suffers from the degradation of operation performance and requires more CPUs and memories as the amount of data to be processed increases, the costs for configuration in parallel by adding servers is also increased[3]. However, if in-memory technology is applied, it is possible to process large amounts of data in real time. In this regard, this study seeks to design and implement a system that can apply Hazelcast, which is one of in-memory data grids (IMDG) that extends in-memory technology, to the smart factory. Lastly, it proceeds with concurrency test in a situation of multi-connection between the existing RDBMS and IMDG.
In order to study the importance of spatial design in the consumption of brand emotions through fragrance flagship stores, this study analyzes previous studies to derive the characteristics of brand scaping. The scope of this study is limited to fragrance flagship stores opened within the last five years in Seoul, Korea, and six cases located in the metropolitan area are analyzed. The research methodology is as follows. First, we reviewed the current status of fragrance flagship stores and the theoretical background on brand scaping. Second, we analyzed the characteristics of brandscaping applied to the studied fragrance flagship stores. Third, we discussed the necessity of analyzing fragrance flagship stores based on the characteristics of brandscaping with examples. Finally, conclusions were drawn and directions for further research were suggested. Therefore, it is significant to suggest effective branding strategies for fragrance flagship stores.
Dysphagia secondary to peripheral cranial nerve injury originates from weak and uncoordinated contraction-relaxation of cricopharyngeal muscle. We report on two patients who suffered vagus nerve injury during surgery and showed sudden dysphagia by opening dysfunction of upper esophageal sphincter (UES). Videofluoroscopy-guided balloon dilatation of UES was performed. We confirmed an early improvement of the opening dysfunctions of UES, although other neurologic symptoms persisted. While we did not have a proper comparison of cases, the videofluoroscopy-guided balloon dilatation of UES is thought to be helpful for the early recovery of dysphagia caused by postoperative vagus nerve injury. Keywords: Dysphagia, Balloon dilatation, Vagus nerve injuries
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