Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated plasma glucose and increased rates of skin infections. Altered immune responses have been suggested to contribute to this prevalent complication, which involves microbial invasion. In this study we explored the effects of a high-glucose environment on the innate immunity of keratinocytes by focusing on β defensin-3 (BD3) using in vivo and in vitro models. Our results demonstrated that the perilesional skins of diabetic rats failed to show enhanced BD3 expression after wounding. In addition, high-glucose treatment reduced human BD3 (hBD3) expression of cultured human keratinocytes. This pathogenic process involved inhibition of p38MAPK signaling, an event that resulted from increased formation of advanced glycation end products. On the other hand, toll-like receptor-2 expression and function of cultured keratinocytes were not significantly affected by high-glucose treatment. In summary, high-glucose conditions inhibited the BD3 expression of epidermal keratinocytes, which in turn contributed to the frequent occurrences of infection associated with diabetic wounding.
Objective To evaluate the utility of a proposed cell transfer technique for constructing cytological smear microarrays and its potential applications in multiplex immunocytochemical ( ICC ) staining. Methods Ninety‐six cytology smears, including two pericardial effusions, 22 ascites and 72 pleural effusions, were transferred to a 33‐plex cytological microarray. Paired staining of thyroid transcription factor‐1 ( TTF ‐1) and calretinin ICC was performed in duplicate slides. Results Most of the smeared cells selected for transfer could be removed from the original slides with a minimal loss of cells and with no change in morphological features or immunoreactivity. Comparison of the staining results with immunohistochemical staining results, clinical history and histopathological reports available for each patient revealed that TTF ‐1 was positive in 32/33 metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinomas ( PAC s), 1/15 non‐pulmonary adenocarcinomas and 0/45 benign effusions. The ICC results for TTF ‐1 on a transferred cytological microarray revealed high (97%) sensitivity and high (96.7%) specificity for the detection of metastatic PAC . Conclusion Cytology microarrays can be constructed by transferring cells from serous fluid cytological smears, and cells transferred to the microarray retain their morphological integrity and immunoreactivity. Researchers can use the technique for simultaneous immunostaining of multiple specimens in studies of neoplastic or non‐neoplastic diseases when available tissue samples are limited.
Tissue microarrays were originally developed to enable alignment of multiple tissue cores in a single paraffin block and to enable high-throughput laboratory analysis. However, a major drawback is the loss of tissue cores during slide preparation, especially when sectioning the tissue block. Tissue cylinders directly aligned in the metal box without preheating tend to detach from the surrounding paraffin, which results in incomplete or folded tissue sections. The proposed solution is preheating all tissue cylinders on a hot plate to facilitate fusion between the paraffin within the core and the paraffin surrounding the core. In this study, 6 tissue microarray blocks were constructed from 528 tissue cores extracted from various formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tissue samples. The tissue cores in the arrays revealed good homogenization with the surrounding paraffin wax, and the tissue sections were obtained intact. Both hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining confirmed satisfactory results. This simple and economical method is easily performed in the laboratory without expensive instrumentation.
Tissue microarray has been developed to enable multiple cores of tissue in one or more new paraffin blocks. Currently, almost all tissue microarrays are made by coring cylindrical tissues from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. The disadvantages of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues include the poor preservation of antigenicity of certain proteins and mRNA degradation induced by the fixation and embedding process. However, frozen tissue array construction presents technical difficulties, and tissue array devices are expensive, particularly for small- and medium-sized laboratories. We describe a simple manual method for producing well-aligned tissue arrays by a capsule freeze method that allows us to successfully perform hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical stain. All 120 tissue samples were collected and constructed into blocks by this capsule freeze method. The capsules were not affected during the sectioning process, and the capsule material always disappeared during the aqueous steps of the stain processing. The frozen tissue arrays were smoothly sectioned without the use of a tape transfer system and immunohistochemical study was performed with satisfactory results. This alternative method can be applied in any laboratory, and is both simple and economical.
In the Paris System (TPS), standardized cytomorphological criteria and diagnostic categories were proposed for reporting urine cytology. To evaluate the diagnostic agreement and interobserver concordance for assessing TPS criteria, the Taiwan Society of Clinical Cytology organized an online survey with 10 atypical urine cytology cases. A total of 137 participants completed the survey. The mean agreement of diagnosis was 51.2%, ranging from 34.3% to 83.2% for each case. For 60% (6/10) of cases, the agreement was <50%. The interobserver concordance of diagnosis and cytological criteria assessment showed poor agreement. The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio had the highest kappa value of 0.386, indicating a significantly higher interobserver concordance and reproducibility than the other three TPS criteria. The correct rate of assessing the N/C ratio increased as the N/C ratio increased (correlation coefficient: 0.891, p < 0.01). Three cases with an N/C ratio near 0.5 were overestimated. Poor interobserver concordance of diagnosis and TPS criteria was revealed. Compared with other cytological features, the N/C ratio assessment was quantitative and more reproducible, but a tendency to overestimate cells was noted when the N/C ratio was approximately 0.5. Continuing education programs should emphasize the accurate assessment of N/C ratio to improve the application of TPS.
C.‐H. Wen, C.‐H. Lin, S.‐C. Tsao, Y.‐C. Su, M.‐H. Tsai and C.‐Y. Chai Micronucleus scoring in liver fine needle aspiration cytology Objective: This study evaluated the role of the micronucleus (MN) in liver fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. Methods: Histological features of 75 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), of which 25 were well differentiated, 37 moderately differentiated and 13 poorly differentiated, and 58 benign hepatic lesions (total, 133 cases) were correlated with MN expression observed in FNA smears reported as benign ( n = 40), atypical ( n = 14), suspicious ( n = 30) and malignant ( n = 49). Results: Stepwise increases in the MN score (0.4 ± 0.6, 1.2 ± 1.3, 6.3 ± 4.2 and 14.3 ± 8.8) correlated with the degree of cytological abnormality: benign, atypia, suspicious and malignant, respectively. The mean MN scores for well‐, moderately and poorly differentiated HCC were 5.4 ± 2.2, 11.5 ± 4.5 and 24.9 ± 9.1, respectively, which was significantly different between malignant and suspicious ( P < 0.0001), between suspicious and atypical ( P = 0.008) but not between atypical and benign. The MN scores differed significantly between all degrees of differentiation of HCC and between the HCC and benign hepatic lesions ( P < 0.0001). High sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of liver FNA for diagnosing HCC (96%, 98%, and 96%, respectively) were obtained at a cutoff of three for the MN score. Conclusions: The MN score is an effective HCC biomarker and has a good potential use as an ancillary tool for diagnosing HCC using FNA cytology.
The title of the following article was incorrectly published: Cheng-Che E Lan, Ching-Shuang Wu, Shu-Mei Huang, Hsuan-Yu Kuo, I-Hui Wu, Chien-Hui Wen, Chee-Yin Chai, Ai-Hui Fang, and Gwo-Shing Chen. High-Glucose Environment Inhibits p38MAPK Signaling and Reduces Human β-3 Expression in Keratinocytes. Mol. Med. 2011;17(7–8):771–9.
Research Articles| February 16 2011 Application of the Microarray Technique to Cell Blocks Subject Area: Pathology and Cell Biology Chien-Hui Wen; Chien-Hui Wen From the Departments of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Yue-Chiu Su; Yue-Chiu Su From the Departments of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Sheng-Lan Wang; Sheng-Lan Wang From the Departments of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Sheau-Fang Yang; Sheau-Fang Yang From the Departments of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Chee-Yin Chai Chee-Yin Chai From the Departments of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Acta Cytologica (2007) 51 (1): 42–46. https://doi.org/10.1159/000325681 Article history Published Online: February 16 2011 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Chien-Hui Wen, Yue-Chiu Su, Sheng-Lan Wang, Sheau-Fang Yang, Chee-Yin Chai; Application of the Microarray Technique to Cell Blocks. Acta Cytologica 1 February 2007; 51 (1): 42–46. https://doi.org/10.1159/000325681 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsActa Cytologica Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 2007Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
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