In this study the filamentous fungi Trichoderma atroviride AD-130 was evaluated for production of cellulases as well as xylanase. An attempt has been made to optimize the cultural and nutritional conditions for cellulases and xylanase production by Trichoderma atroviride AD-130 under submerged fermentation. The lignocellulosic biomass of Saccharum munja was used as carbon source for cellulases and xylanase production. Whole fermentation process was carried out in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with agitation speed of 170rpm. The maximum titers of cellulases (FPase 1.01 U mL-1, CMCase 2.69 U mL-1, b-glucosidase 0.82 U mL-1) and xylanase (82.99 U mL-1) were obtained on 5th and 4th day respectively when Trichoderma atroviride AD-130 was grown at initial medium having pH 6.0 at 30°C using 2.0% (w/v) Saccharum munja biomass as substrate.
Metribuzin alone 210 g/ha resulted in significantly lower population of Phalaris minor than alone application of clodinafop 60 g/ha, pinoxaden 40 g/ha and sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha. Application of sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron 32 g/ha and 25 + 210 g/ha resulted in significantly lower population of P. minor and C. album, respectively. Sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron 32 g/ha resulted in 89.2% WCE which was at par with sulfosulfuron + metribuzin 25 + 210 g/ha. Weed control treatments produced significantly higher grain yield as compared to weedy check. Sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha being significantly superior to alone application of metribuzin 210 g/ha, clodinafop 60 g/ha and pinoxaden 40 g/ha produced higher wheat grain yield, which was evident from the higher WCE as compared to other herbicides. Ready-mix application of sulfosulfuron + metsulfuron at 32 g/ha produced the highest grain yield (6.42 t/ha) among different herbicide treatments but it was statistically at par with weed free.
Various faulty farming practices and low-performance cultivars selection are reducing crop yields, factor productivity, and soil fertility. Therefore, there is an urgent need to achieve better nutrient dynamics and sustainable production by selecting more nutrient-responsive cultivars using efficient nutrient management. The present experiment aimed to enhance crop productivity, seed quality, nutrient efficiency, and soil nutrient dynamics through efficient nutrient management under different lentil cultivars. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, assigning three cultivars (viz. Sapna, Garima, and HM-1) in the main plots and ten nutrient management practices in the sub-plots, replicating them thrice. Results revealed that cultivar HM-1 recorded significantly higher seed yield (1.59–1.61 Mg ha -1 ) and the uptake of N (67.2–67.6 kg ha -1 ), P (6.8–7.0 kg ha -1 ), K (13.8–13.9 kg ha -1 ), Zn (60.4–61.1 g ha -1 ), and Fe (162.5–165.2 g ha -1 ) in seed compared to Sapna and Garima. Also, the cultivar HM-1 was more efficient in terms of partial factor productivity for NPK (PFP; 24.27–24.59 kg kg -1 ), partial nutrient balance (PNB; 2.09–2.13 kg kg -1 ) and internal utilisation efficiency (IUE; 11.64–11.85 kg kg -1 ). The study showed that the lentil cultivar HM-1 could be successfully grown by substituting 50% RDN with organic manures, i . e ., vermicompost, without compromising crop productivity and soil fertility, thereby sustaining soil-human-environment health.
A field experiment was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during rabi 2011-12 and 2012-13 to study improvement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield by different row spacing and varieties.Three wheat varieties viz.DBW 17, PBW 550 and WH 711 with four row spacings (15.0, 17.5, 20.0 and 22.5 cm) were studied in experimentation split plot design.Results of the experiment revealed that all parameters including growth, yield and yield attributes were significantly influenced by different row spacings.Based on pooled mean data, maximum plant height (90.8 cm) and effective tillers/ m 2 (481) were recorded in 15.0 cm row spacing crop, which were significantly higher than wider row spacing whereas, highest 1000 grain weight (42.7 g) and grains/earhead (41.9) were observed in 22.5 cm row spacing.The highest grain yield (54.0 q/ha) and straw yield (84.7 q/ha) were recorded when crop was sown at 15.0 cm row spacing, which was significantly higher than 20.0 and 22.5 cm row spacing crop.Among the cultivars, WH 711 recorded highest 1000 grains weight (43.5 g), whereas maximum grains/earhead were recorded in PBW 550 (41.9).Maximum grain yield (52.7 q/ha) was recorded in PBW 550 though the differences were non significant among different varieties, whereas, maximum straw yield (83.9 q/ha) was found in WH 711.Harvest index of PBW 550 (40.1) was significantly higher than DBW 17 and WH 711.
A field experiment was conducted during 2020 at research farm of College of Agriculture, Kaul (Kaithal) of CCS Haryana kharif Agricultural University, Hisar to investigate the response of transplanted rice ( L.) to nitrogen levels and planting geometry in rice Oryza sativa variety HKR-128.The experiment was laid out in RBD factorial design consisting of three planting geometry 20 cm x 15 cm, 20 cm x 20 i.e. cm, and random transplanting as main plot treatments and five different levels of nitrogen (0, 50,100,150, and 200 kg/ha) in sub-plots with three replications.Plants attained significantly higher plant height, tillers and dry matter under 20 cm x 15 cm than other two planting geometry at all the growth stages.Number of panicles/m and grains/panicle were significantly higher in 20 cm x 15 cm planting geometry as compared to 2 other two planting geometry but panicle length and 1000-grain weight was not affected by planting geometry.Grain yield was recorded significantly higher in 20 cm x 15 cm planting geometry as compared to other plant spacing.Plant height, no. of tillers/m and dry matter 2 accumulation/m enhanced significantly with successive increase in nitrogen dose up to 200 kg/ha, which was at par with 150 kg N/ha.Various 2 yield attributing characters such as number of panicles/m , number of grains per panicle were significantly improved up to 200 kg N/ha being at 2 par with 150 kg /ha.
Chickpea is mostly cultivated under dryland condition and water availability is the major environmental factor affecting crop yield in dryland conditions. In dryland areas, the crop suffers from moisture stress due to the insecurity of rainfall. The combination of stored soil moisture and high temperatures results in the creation of various degrees of moisture stress during the duration of crop growth, therefore restricting the expression of growth and development characteristics, resulting in a significant loss of crop output. The provision of irrigation proves pivotal for the successful cultivation of chickpea crops during key growth stages, including pre-flowering, pod development and seed filling. Consequently, the implementation of supplemental irrigation serves as a strategic measure to offset potential production losses attributed to terminal drought. This agricultural practice is notably employed in diverse regions worldwide, with a pronounced impact observed in areas such as West Asia and Northern India, where it plays a crucial role in augmenting chickpea productivity. Susceptibility to drought stress has restrained chickpea productivity at a global level, thus, the proper selection of early maturing and drought tolerant cultivars along with supplemental irrigation may be helpful to sustain chickpea production.
To find out the best crop establishment method, and to evaluate the effect of moisture conservation practices on phenology, growth indices and grain yield of wheat under limited irrigated conditions a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21. CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar is situated 29°10' N latitude and 75° 46' E longitude with an elevation of 215.2 meters above mean sea level in the semi-arid and sub-tropical zone. The experiment consisted of twenty four treatment combinations comprising three establishment methods i.e. Conventional Tillage (CT), Zero Tillage (ZT) and Bed Planting (BP) as main plot and two irrigation levels i.e. I1-one irrigation applied at crown root initiation stage (I1) and I2-two irrigation applied at CRI and booting stagess as sub-main plot treatments and four moisture conservation practices i.e. M0-no mulch, M1-mulch (pearl millet straw @ 4 tonnes ha-1), M2- antitranspirant (kaolin @ 6% w/v) and M3- mulch (pearl millet straw @ 4 tonnes ha-1) + antitranspirant (kaolin @ 6% w/v) as sub-plots treatments. The experiment was conducted in split split-plot design with three replications. The results revealed that days taken to booting, heading and physiological maturity did not influence significantly by crop establishment methods. Crop took more days to attain booting (79.64 and 77.89), heading (90.33 and 88.08) and physiological maturity (138.86 and 137.42) stages when two irrigations were applied to the crop as compared to one irrigation during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. Among moisture conservation practices, treatment M3 took significantly higher numbers of days for booting (80.24 and 79.06), heading (91.00 and 88.39) and physiological maturity (140.39 and 138.72) stages as compared to M0 but statically at par with M1 and M2. The growth indices i.e. crop growth rate and relative growth rate are significantly higher in BP, two irrigation levels and M3 during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. The maximum grain yield of wheat was recorded when crop was sown by bed planting method of crop establishment (4,830 and 4,393 kg ha-1) as compared to ZT and CT during both the years. The grain yield was significantly higher with two irrigations levels (4,877 and 4,457 kg ha-1) as compared to one irrigation during both the years. Treatment M3 (4,837 and 4,415 kg ha-1) produced significantly higher grain yield as compared to other treatments during 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively.
Backgrounds/Objective: Preservation of Kinnow (Citrus nobilis × Citrus deliciosa L.) juice by using edible preservatives is needed to ensure nutritional security of common people. Suitability of preservation techniques to extent the storage life through maintenance of microbial load and nutritional strength up to desirable level is essential. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The study was conducted through analysis of TSS, acidity, Vitamin-C, and sugar while biological study was carried out through microbial load and browning. Findings: Kinnow fruit juice can be stored up to 30 days without loss of nutritional quality if 0.05% of Potassium metabisulphite or 0.05% sodium benzoate is used as preservatives whereas minimum and desirable browning (0.093) and microbial load (2.60 X 105 ) was reported when juice was treated with 0.1% KMS at 30 days of storage. Application/Improvements: The research outcome of present investigation suggests for storage of Kinnow fruit juice for 30 days with minimum quality loss by using 0.05% Potassium metabisulphite or sodium benzoate under ambient condition. Keywords: Ambient Storage, Browning, Kinnow, Microbial Load, Preservatives, Shelf Life
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