The results from a series of well characterised, unstable, miscible displacement experiments in a Hele Shaw cell with a quarter five-spot source-sink geometry are presented, with comparisons to detailed numerical simulation. We perform repeated experiments at adverse viscosity ratios from 1 - 20 and Peclet numbers from 10$^4$ - 10$^6$ capturing the transition from 2D to 3D radial fingering and experimental uncertainty. The open-access dataset provides time-lapse images of the fingering patterns, transient effluent profiles, and meta-information for use in model validation. We find the complexity of the fingering pattern increases with viscosity ratio and Peclet number, and the onset of fingering is delayed compared to linear displacements, likely due to Taylor dispersion stabilisation. The transition from 2D to 3D fingering occurs at a critical Peclet number that is consistent with recent experiments in the literature. 2D numerical simulations with hydrodynamic dispersion and different mesh orientations provide good predictions of breakthrough times and sweep efficiency obtained at intermediate Peclet numbers across the range of viscosity ratios tested, generally within the experimental uncertainty. Specific finger wavelengths, tip shapes, and growth are hard to replicate; model predictions using velocity dependent longitudinal dispersion or simple molecular diffusion bound the fingering evolution seen in the experiments, but neither fully capture both fine-scale and macroscopic measures. In both cases simulations predict sharper fingers than the experiment. A weaker dispersion stabilisation seems necessary to capture the experimental fingering at high viscosity ratio, which may also require anisotropic components. 3D models with varying dispersion formulations should be explored in future developments to capture the full range of effects at high viscosity ratio and Peclet number.
This is the experimental dataset associated with the paper 'The effect of viscosity ratio and Peclet number on miscible viscous fingering in a Hele-Shaw cell: A combined numerical and experimental study' by Keable et al. 2021 - preprint available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.06548. This repository includes image and volumetric data described in the main paper. The images are used in the processing code available at https://github.com/sci-sjj/MiscibleViscousFingering. Images are included for M2, M5, M10 and M20 mobility ratios, performed at flowrate Q = 1ml/min. For M=20, we also include Q=0.1ml/min (filename M20_0_1mlpm), Q=0.5ml/min (filename M20_0_5mlpm), Q=5ml/min (filename M20_5mlpm) and Q=10ml/min (filename M20_10mlpm). Multiple repeat experiments are given filename extension v2, v3 etc (some experiments did not work so there may be missing v1 etc, extensions). The experiments at each flow rate and mobility ratio then have the following zipped folders containing images: _exp_images_time_lapse_raw.zip. These are the raw image files. _exp_images_time_lapse_processed.zip. These are cropped images from 1. _exp_images_time_lapse_final.zip. These are geometric transforms of 2, to be centered and aligned. They represent the final processed images. _exp_images_selected_PV.zip. These are selected images from 3 at different pore-volumes injection and times as a fraction of the breakthrough time. _exp_images_time_lapse_segmented.zip. These are segmented images used in interfacial calculations. Each image file in the above zipped folders follows the same prefix naming convention (e.g. M2_V2) followed by a number, e.g. (1000). Time sequences start at number 1000. Image capture times can be found in the image properties of the raw details to give aquisition rates. Full experimental details are listed in the paper, and also in the excel summary files on the github repository above.
We include simulation image results, txt based macroscopic experimental results and literature results in zipped folders. These can be run using the github processing codes to produce the figures/analysis in the main paper.
The paper discusses the open multi-agent architecture of a system comprising a large multitouch multi-user graphics table, a large interactive board, and a number of peripheral devices including tablets, smartphones, or earphones, used for supporting collocated collaborative work. The system comprises several computers connected in a network, or through WiFi or Bluetooth interfaces. The system software is organized around two multi-agent platforms. The first one, JADE, written in Java is used to integrate agents directly into the toolkits which use Java. The second one, OMAS, written in Lisp is used to implement conversational intelligent agents. The paper discusses the role and the use of both platforms and how they are connected to work together. Although developed in a project addressing collaborative Preliminary Design, the system and its architecture can be used in any application composed of sequences of phases.
We have constructed TATIN-PIC, a collaborative work environment consisting of an interactive tabletop and an interactive board, in order to explore phases beyond brainstorming in preliminary design. In this article, we present the TATIN- PIC platform, as well as our evaluation methodology which focuses on crucial face-to-face collaboration around the interactive tabletop
The ACG Oilfield caps an elongate anticline with three culminations - Azeri, Chirag and Gunashli - and is located in the offshore Azerbaijan sector of the south Caspian Basin. This study focuses on Azeri in the south-east of the structure, which has over 8 billion barrels of oil in place. The major reservoir interval, the Pliocene Pereriv Suite, is characterized by laterally continuous layers of variable net-to-gross (NTG) deposited in a fluvial–deltaic environment. Azeri is being developed by down-dip water injection, with up-dip gas injection on the more steeply dipping central north flank. At the planned offtake rates both recovery mechanisms are expected to be stable. However, these predictions are based on reservoir models which do not explicitly capture the full range of geologic heterogeneity present in the Pereriv Suite reservoirs.We report the first detailed assessment of the impact of large- and intermediate-scale heterogeneities on flow. Experimental design techniques have been used to rank the impact of different heterogeneities. A key finding is that communication between adjacent high and low NTG reservoir layers significantly improves recovery, providing pressure support and a route for oil production from sandbodies within the low NTG layers which would otherwise be isolated. Heterogeneity within high NTG layers has only a small impact on recovery, but heterogeneity within low NTG layers is much more significant. In most cases, the same significant heterogeneities impact both water and gas displacements, because both displacements are stable at the planned production rates.The results are applicable to Azeri, and to similar reservoirs in the Caspian Basin. They also represent the first comparison of water-oil and gas-oil displacements in fluvial- deltaic reservoirs using 3D geologic/simulation models derived from outcrop and subsurface data.
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