Frequency of occurrence of mycotic infections of the oral mucosa is higher in later years. It is connected with common use of antibiotics, intensive cancer treatment (cytostatics, radiation therapy) as well as immunosuppressant drugs and antibiotics, which have an influence on mikroflora disorders of the oral cavity. Candidiasis of oral mucosa occurs in old patients, in people suffering from diabetes mellitus, hypothyreosis, sideropenia, hypovitaminosis and xerostomia, which is often caused by hypofunction of salivary glands during autoimmune diseases and/or drug and systemic treatment. The aim of the study was to make a retrospective evaluation of frequency of occurring mycotic infections in patients treated in the Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdansk in the 2003, as well as recognition of systemic conditioning of these disorders. The Study material was clinical documentation of 4172 patients, treated because of different oral mucose and periodontium disorders. From these patients, selected was a group of 105 (83 women and 22 men) with diagnosis--Candidosis mucosae oris. Clinical and mycotic examination was performed.Mycotic infections were found in 105 patients (2.5%). Systemic diseases (74.3%) were found in a maturity of the patients, which indicated systemic predispositions to candida infections.A wide cooperation between general practitioners and dentists, especially perio-dontologists, is necessary to give full care to patients. Early diagnosis of disorders of the oral cavity of patients with systemic diseases and dentistry treatment or taking preventive measures seems to be necessary.
The study of the sensitivity to tea tree oil (Australian Company TTD International Pty. Ltd. Sydney) was carried out on 193 strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with various infections within the oral cavity and respiratory tracts. The susceptibility (MIC) of anaerobes was determined by means of plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. Inoculum contained 10(5) CFU per spot was cultured with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar with various tea tree oil concentrations or without oil (anaerobes growth control). Incubation the plates was performed in anaerobic jars under anaerobic conditions at 37 degrees C for 48 h. MIC was defined as the lowest concentrations of the essential oil completely inhibiting growth of anaerobic bacteria. Test results indicate, that among Gram-negative bacteria the most sensitive to essential oil were strains of Veillonella and Porphyromonas species. Essential oil in low concentrations (MIC in the range of = 0.12 - 0.5 mg/mL) inhibited growth of accordingly 80% and 68% strains. The least sensitive were strains of the genus Tannerella, Parabacteroides and Dialister (MIC 1.0 - 2.0 mg/mL). In the case of Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria the tea tree oil was the most active to strains of cocci of the genus Anaerococcus and Ruminococcus (MIC in range = 0.12 - 0.5 mg/mL) or strains of rods of the genus Eubacterium and Eggerthella (MIC = 0.25 mg/mL). Among Gram-positive rods the least sensitive were the strains of the genus Bifidobacterium ( MIC = 2.0 mg/mL). The tea tree oil was more active to Gram-positive than to Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria.
Introduction. Ginger was known and used in medicine by ancient Greeks and Romans. The oil and extract from rhizoma exhibited among others antioxidant, antiagregate, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulated and anticancer activity. Ginger is used also to mask the unpleasant taste of the other medicines. Rhizoma produced essential oil whose constituents are: α-zingiberene, α-farnasene, α-pinene, camphene, linalool, β-pinene, geraniol, citral, β-phellandrene, limonene, cineole, geraniol acetate, α-myrcene, α-longipinene, β-selinene, β-bisabolol, (+)-β-cytronellol and nerolidol. Ginger oil has antimicrobial activity. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of ginger oil on yeastlike fungi. Material and methods. The date included 43 strains yeastlike fungi isolated from oral cavity patient with candidosis. The strains belonging to the species: Candida albicans (21 strains), C. glabrata (4), C. guilliermondii (1) C. humicola (1), C. kefyr (2), C. krusei (4), C. lusitaniae (1), C. parapsilosis (4) and C. tropicalis (5) and 9 reference strains was tested. The susceptibility (MIC) yeastlike fungi to ginger oil was determined by means plate dilution technique in Sabouraud’s agar. The inoculum contained 105 CFU per spot were seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar containing or without oil (strains growth control). The concentrations of oil were: 20.0, 15.0, 10.0, 7.5 and 5.0 mg/ml. The agar plate were incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours in aerobic conditions. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentrations of ginger oil that inhibited growth of tested strains. Results. The results indicated, that the most susceptible to ginger oil were strains from species of C. glabrata (MIC within the range from 10.0 to 20.0 mg/ml). The oil was less active against the strains C. humicola, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. The growth of the strains was inhibited by concentrations > 20.0 mg/ml. But 48% of the strains from species Candida albicans were susceptible in ranges 10.0-20.0 mg/ml. The remain strains required to inhibition of growth to use the high concentrations (MIC > 20.0 mg/ml). The date indicate that oil characterized a moderate activity towards tested yeastlike fungi. Conclusions. The ginger oil was the most active towards C. glabrata strains. Strains of C. crusei, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis were the lowest sensitive. Ginger oil was characterized of moderate activity against tested yeastlike fungi.
Introduction. Rosmarinus officinalis L. a member of family Lamiaceae is widely found in many countries of North Africa, America and Europa. It grown to 2-3 m high. The plant produced of essential oils. The composition of rosemary oil based on genotype, climate, geography, and method of preparation. The major constituents of the oil are 1-8 cineole, α-pinene, camphene, α-terpineol, borneol, camphor, β-myrcene, geraniol, eugenol, p-cymen, linalool, romarinic acid and caffeic acid. Rosmarinic acid is well adsorbed from gastrointestinal tract and from the skin. The oil is used in medicine as an anti-inflammation, anticancer, analgesic, antidiabetic, antiulcerogenic, hepatoprotective, antirheumatic, antiepileptic, diuretic and anti Alzheimer disease. The extracts and essential oil have antimicrobial activity towards bacteria, fungi, viruses and insects. Aim. The goal of this work was to test the antimicrobial activity of rosmarinic oil on anaerobic bacteria. Material and methods. The bacterial strains were isolated from oral cavity. A total 33 strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients and 6 reference strains were investigated. The susceptibility (MIC) was determined by the two-fold of plate dilution method in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The rosmarinic oil (Semifarm) was dissolved at first in DMSO and afterwards in distilled water. Concentrations of oil used were 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml. The inoculum containing 106 CFU/per spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar with oil and without the oil (the strains growth control). Incubation the plates was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jar, at 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentrations of rosmarinic oil that completely inhibited the growth of tested anaerobic bacteria. Results. The results indicated that the tested bacteria were high sensitive to the essential oils. The most susceptible from Gram-negative bacteria were the rods from genus of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Prevotella levii and Bacteroides uniformis (MIC ≤ 0.06 mg/ml). The strains from genus Prevotella buccalis and Bacteroides vulgatus were less sensitive (MIC = 0.5 mg/ml). Remainded Gram-negative rods were susceptible to the oil in concentrations in range from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/ml. The rosmarinus oil was more effective against the Gram-positive bacteria. The most susceptible from the cocci were strains from the genus of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Parvimonas micros (MIC 0.25-≤ 0.06 mg/ml) and from rods Gram-positive rods genus of Actinomyces viscosus and Bifidobacterium breve (MIC 0.12-≤ 0.06 mg/ml). Conclusions. The results indicated that the rosmarinic oil showed high antibacterial activity against all tested anaerobic bacteria. The more susceptible to oil were the Gram-positive bacterial strains than Gram-negative anaerobic rods.
