The most common ictal psychiatric symptom is fear, followed by ictal depression, and least commonly ictal psychosis. A 44-year-old man with poststroke focal epilepsy developed new-onset behavioural change, disorientation, hallucinations and delusions, persisting for several months before medical evaluation. He was agitated, disorientated, with impaired memory and disorganised thinking, but had no minor epileptic motor signs. His EEG showed electroclinical status epilepticus. His psychotic symptoms persisted despite seizure control and required antipsychotic treatment. Ictal psychosis is rare but clinicians should suspect this in people with epilepsy with new-onset behavioural change. Rarely, it can persist for months, sometimes needing antipsychotic treatment.
Abstract Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (MPS I) is a rare genetic lysosomal storage disease caused by a mutation of IDUA gene. IDUA codes for α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), a lysosomal hydrolase that degrades glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate. GAGs are structural and signalling molecules that have a crucial role in controlling a variety of cell functions and their interaction with extracellular matrix. Because of GAG’s widespread action in cellular metabolism, MPS I is a progressive and disabling multisystemic disorder. Nowadays, the therapies availability allowed patients to reach the adult life and the consequences of the disease in their reproductive system is still little known. We aimed to investigate whether IDUA disruption influences sexual behaviour and sexual steroid production in male and female MPS I mice. We used 3 and 6-month-old male and 3-month-old female Idua +/_ and Idua −/− mice to evaluate typical rodent copulatory behaviours. In males we observed the frequency and latency of mounts, intromissions and ejaculations. In females we evaluated the lordosis quotient. We also analysed the locomotor capacity of mice in the open field test, since copulatory behaviour requires mobility. We also quantified steroidal hormonal levels in plasmatic samples. We detected an increase in the latencies of intromissions in male copulatory behaviour of Idua −/− males when compared to Idua +/_. However, the number of intromissions was not statistically different between groups. No parameter of female sexual behaviour was statistically different between control and knockout females. In both sexes, we detected diminished mobility in Idua −/− mice. Plasma hormone levels did not differ between Idua +/_ and Idua −/− mice, both in males and females. We concluded that in the considered time point of MPS I progression, mice are able to perform sexual behaviour, but the male performance may be influenced due to the motor disability predicted to MPS I.
The aim of this crossover study was to evaluate the effect of a grape concentrate (test drink [TD]) on oxidative stress markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and glutathione [GSH]). Six triathletes had their physical fitness, body fat composition (�) and food intake evaluated. Afterwards, the athletes received two doses of 300 mL of the TD (45.8g of polyphenols/kg) or a placebo drink (PL), at breakfast and after a training session (100 km of cycling, 6 km of running and 1.5 km of swimming). Blood samples (5 ml) were collected after an overnight fasting, immediately after exercise, and one hour after exercise. The triathletes presented the following characteristics (mean and standard-deviation): 43.8±10.2 years old, VO2máx 45±5.15 mL/kg/min, � 13.6±4.2 %, training 270.8±87.1 km/week, 3.1±1.88 hours/training/day. There was a significant increase in SOD from the 1st to the 2nd (p=0.027) and 3rd (p=0.02) blood tests, in response to exercise, regardless of the drink consumed. One hour after exercise, the increase in glutathione values was greater when the PL was consumed (27.5%) in relation to the TD intake (1.8%). In both tests, exercise increased TBARS values; however, when PL was consumed, subjects' values were higher (PL=2.5±1.1 nmol/ml vs. BT=1.77±1.3 nmol/ml). When PL was consumed, mean CAT values (BT=34.2±6.9 U/mgHb vs. PL=24.6±12.5 U/mgHb) reduced from the 1st to the 2nd blood test (28.6%). TBARS, CAT and GSH values suggest that the TD presents potential to modulate exercise-induced oxidative stress.
The objective was to evaluate the correlation between behaviour al and intake variables of Holstein calves fed pellets and meal. Twelve pure Holstein calves with initial average age of 10 days and weight of 27.5 kg were used; The experimental design used in this study was a 2 x 2 factorial Original Research Article Silva et al.; AJEA, 7(6): 382-388, 2015; Article no.AJEA.2015.138 383 design (two types of feed and two feeding stages lactation and post-lactation periods), with six repetitions. Was found significant effects the time allocated to eating, rumination and resting. The data concerning the efficiency of feeding and rumination, total chewing time, number of ruminal boluses, rumination time/bolus and the number of chews per cud/bolus and discretization of the time series. There was a moderate positive correlation between the variable behaviour: dry matter per bolus, number of discrete eating and resting periods and the variable of dry matter intake (DMI). There was a strong positive correlation between the variables of behaviour: total chewing time, NDF/BOLUS, ADF/ BOLUS and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake variables. There was a negative moderate correlation between the behaviour variable TRP (time resting period) and the NDF and ADF intake variables. According to the correlations found in this study, between the behaviour aspects and intake of NDF and ADF can support studies aimed to the formulation of diets supplemented based the understanding on behaviour of food intake by animals.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between variables referring to feed intake and behaviour of confined Holstein-Zebu crossbred heifers. The experiment was conducted at the dairy Original Research Article Silva et al.; AJEA, 6(1): 15-21, 2015; Article no.AJEA.2015.060 16 unit of the Southwest Bahia State University, campus Itapetinga, Brazil. Sixteen 3⁄4 Holstein x 1⁄4 Zebu heifers with average of 12 months old and initial weight of 150 kg were randomly distributed into four treatments, with four repetitions. A moderate positive correlation was observed between feeding time and NDF and NFC intake variables. The feeding efficiency of NDF was highly correlated with DMI. The variables referring to time of feeding, rumination and boluses per day were observed to be highly correlated with the intake variables, thus showing great potential to draw up predictive equations.