ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate whether changes in starch intake (in terms of amount and food sources) were associated with increments in dental caries among adults. Design: 11-year longitudinal study (2000-2011) with duplicate assessments for all variables. A 128-item food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate intake of starch (g/day) and six starch-rich food groups (potatoes, potato products, roots and tubers, pasta, wholegrains, and legumes). Dental caries was assessed through clinical examinations and summarised using the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT score). The relationship between quintiles of starch intake and DMFT score was tested in linear hybrid models adjusting for confounders. Setting: Northern and Southern regions of Finland. Participants: 922 adults, aged 30-88 years. Results: Mean starch intake was 127.6 (SD: 47.8) g/day at baseline and 120.7 (55.8) g/day at follow-up. Mean DMFT score was 21.7 (6.4) and 22.4 (6.2) at baseline and follow-up. Starch intake was inversely associated with DMFT score cross-sectionally (rate ratio for highest versus lowest quintile of intake: -2.73, 95%CI: -4.64, -0.82) but not longitudinally (0.32, 95%CI: -0.12, 0.76). By food sources, the intakes of pasta (-2.77, 95%CI: -4.21, -1.32) and wholegrains (-1.91, 95%CI: -3.38, -0.45) were negatively associated with DMFT score cross-sectionally but not longitudinally (0.03, 95%CI: -0.33, 0.39 and -0.10, 95%CI: -0.44, 0.24, respectively). Conclusion: Changes in the amount and sources of starch intake were not associated with changes in dental caries. Further studies should be conducted in different settings and age groups while focusing on starch digestibility and specific sources of starch.
ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the association between baseline starch intake (amount and sources) and changes in periodontal status over 11 years in adults. Methods Adults aged 30–82 years, who participated in the Finnish Health 2000 survey and were re‐examined in 2004/2005 and/or 2011 were included in the study. The consumption of total starch and six relevant food groups (potatoes, fried potatoes, roots and tubers, pasta, wholegrains and legumes) over the past year was determined at baseline with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The number of teeth with periodontal pocketing ≥ 4 mm (NTPP) was recorded during clinical examinations in 2000, 2004/2005 and 2011. The association between baseline starch intake and the 11‐year change in the NTPP was tested in mixed‐effects negative binomial regression models, adjusting for covariates. Results A total of 1369 adults were included in the analysis. The mean NTPP was 4.1 ± 5.6, 6.3 ± 5.6, and 4.8 ± 5.9 in waves 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Baseline starch intake (in g/day or % energy intake) was not associated with changes in the NTPP after adjustment for covariates. In analysis by food groups, the baseline intake of wholegrains was negatively associated with the NTPP at baseline. Conclusion This study found no evidence of an association between baseline starch intake and changes in periodontal status. Baseline intake of wholegrains was associated with better periodontal status at baseline.
Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between starch intake (amount and type) and changes in dental caries among adults over 11 years. Methods Data from 1679 adults, aged 30 years and over, who participated in three consecutive surveys in Finland were pooled for analysis. Participants completed a validated semi‐structured 128‐item food frequency questionnaire at baseline, from which total starch intake (g/day and % energy intake) and the intake (g/day) of seven food groups high in starch (potatoes, potato products, roots and tubers, refined grains, pasta, wholegrains, and legumes) were estimated. Dental caries was determined during clinical examinations and summarized using the DMFT score, which was treated as a repeated outcome. The association between baseline starch intake and 11‐year‐change in DMFT score was tested in linear mixed‐effects models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, behaviors, sugar intake, and health status. Results The mean DMFT score was 21.9 (95%CI: 21.6, 22.2) in 2000 (baseline), increasing by 0.47 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.56) in 2004/05, and additionally by 0.33 (95%CI: 0.20, 0.45) in 2011. Total starch intake was not associated with change in DMFT. This finding was similar irrespective of how starch intake was expressed (g/day or %EI). Of the seven food groups evaluated, only the intake of pasta was inversely associated with the DMFT score at baseline, but not with the change in DMFT over time. Conclusion Neither the amount nor the type of starch intake was associated with changes in dental caries over 11 years among Finnish adults.
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