Mathias Smolarski

ETH Zurich

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U. Keller

ETH Zurich

Claudio Cirelli

Paul Scherrer Institute

Adrian N. Pfeiffer

Friedrich Schiller University Jena

Jens Biegert

Institute of Photonic Sciences

R. Dörner

Goethe University Frankfurt

Lars Bojer Madsen

Aarhus University

P. Eckle

ETH Zurich

A. Staudte

Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory

Philip Schlup

Colorado State University

Mahmoud Abu-samha

American University of the Middle East

Cooperative Institutions

ETH Zurich

Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology

Goethe University Frankfurt

Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences

University of Geneva

Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy

Aarhus University

Institute of Photonic Sciences

Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

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Attoclock elicits physics of laser-induced tunnel ionization

arXiv (Cornell University) (2011)

Adrian N. Pfeiffer Claudio Cirelli Mathias Smolarski Darko Dimitrovski Mahmoud Abu-samha

Tunneling plays a central role in the interaction of matter with intense laser pulses, and also in time-resolved measurements on the attosecond timescale. A strong laser field influences the binding potential of an electron in an atom so strongly, that a potential barrier is created which enables the electron to be liberated through tunneling. An important aspect of the tunneling is the geometry of the tunneling current flow. Here we provide experimental access to the tunneling geometry and provide a full understanding of the laser induced tunnel process in space and time. We perform laser tunnel ionization experiments using the attoclock technique, and present a correct tunneling geometry for helium and argon. In addition for argon the potential barrier is significantly modified by all the electrons remaining in the ion, and furthermore from a quantum state whose energy is Stark-shifted by the external field. The resulting modified potential geometry influences the dynamics of the liberated electron, changes important physical parameters and affects the interpretation of attosecond measurements. These effects will become even more pronounced for molecules and surfaces, which are more polarizable.

Attosecond

Rectangular potential barrier

Tunnel ionization

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Dependence of Rydberg Yield on Ellipticity in Strong Field Ionization

EPJ Web of Conferences (2013)

Alexandra S. Landsman Adrian N. Pfeiffer Mathias Smolarski Claudio Cirelli U. Keller

We obtain a probability distribution of Rydberg yield that shows close agreement with recent experimental results. Contrary to general expectations, we find that rescattering is not a significant mechanism in the creation of excited neutrals.

Rydberg atom

10.1051/epjconf/20134102018

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Citations (1)

Attosecond angular streaking

Nature Physics (2008)

P. Eckle Mathias Smolarski Philip Schlup Jens Biegert A. Staudte

Streaking

Attosecond

10.1038/nphys982

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Citations (438)

Probing the longitudinal momentum spread of the electron wave packet at the tunnel exit

EPJ Web of Conferences (2013)

Claudio Cirelli Adrian N. Pfeiffer Alexandra S. Landsman Mathias Smolarski Darko Dimitrovski

We present an ellipticity resolved study of momentum distribution arising from strong-field ionization of helium. The influence of the ion potential on the departing electron is considered within a semi-classical model consisting of an initial tunneling step and subsequent classical propagation. We find that the momentum distribution can be explained by including the longitudinal momentum spread of the electron at the exit from the tunnel. Our combined experimental and theoretical study provides an estimate of this momentum spread.

Momentum (technical analysis)

10.1051/epjconf/20134102017

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Citations (4)

Timing the release in sequential double ionization

Nature Physics (2011)

Adrian N. Pfeiffer Claudio Cirelli Mathias Smolarski R. Dörner U. Keller

Double ionization

Elliptical polarization

10.1038/nphys1946

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Citations (202)

Ultrashort mid-IR OPCPA with micro-Joule energy at 100 kHz

Advanced Solid-State Photonics (2009)

Olivier Chalus Philip K. Bates Mathias Smolarski Jens Biegert

A novel mid-IR OPCPA source generates 9.0 cycle pulses (96 fs at 3.2 µm) with 1.2 µJ energy at 100 kHz, and is expected to be intrinsically CEP stable. The minimum fourier transform limited pulse duration is 45 fs, or 4.2 cycles.

Pulse duration

Joule (programming language)

Ultrafast optics

10.1364/assp.2009.mf10

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Rydberg states and momentum bifurcation in tunnel ionization with elliptically polarized light

arXiv (Cornell University) (2011)

Alexandra S. Landsman Adrian N. Pfeiffer Mathias Smolarski Claudio Cirelli U. Keller

It is well-known from numerical and experimental results that the fraction of Rydberg states (excited neutral atoms) created by tunnel ionization declines dramatically with increasing ellipticity of laser light. We present a method to analyze this dependence on ellipticity, deriving a probability distribution of Rydberg states that agrees closely with recent experimental [1] and numerical results. In particular, contradicting the existing proposed mechanism [1] and general expectations, our results indicate that the dependence of Rydberg yield on laser ellipticity is not caused by a rescattering process. Rather, we show that most Rydberg electrons never come back to the vicinity of the exit point after ionization, and end up relatively far from the atom (compared to the exit point) after the laser pulse has passed. We also present experimental data revealing a bifurcation that corresponds to a cut-off in Rydberg generation, and present an analytic derivation with a perturbative inclusion of the Coloumb force. [1] T. Nubbemeyer, K. Gorling, A. Saenz, U. Eichmann, and W. Sandner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 233001 (2008).

Rydberg atom

Rydberg matter

Momentum (technical analysis)

10.48550/arxiv.1111.6036

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Determination of the CEO Phase — ionization of He with Circularly polarized 5.5-fs Pulses

Springer series in chemical physics (2007)

P. Eckle Philip Schlup Jens Biegert Mathias Smolarski A. Staudte

Carrier-envelope phase

Envelope (radar)

Momentum (technical analysis)

10.1007/978-3-540-68781-8_43

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Recent attoclock measurements of strong field ionization

Chemical Physics (2012)

Adrian N. Pfeiffer Claudio Cirelli Mathias Smolarski U. Keller

Momentum (technical analysis)

Momentum transfer

10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.02.005

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Citations (62)

Ionization of ar with circularly polarized 5.5-fs pulses for the determination of CEO phase

Philip Schlup P. Eckle Anoush Aghajani-Talesh Jens Biegert Mathias Smolarski

The ionization rate of Ar with circularly polarized ultrashort laser pulses shows a spatial dependence attributable to the carrier-envelope phase of the pulse. A numerical simulation shows similar characteristics.

Carrier-envelope phase

Envelope (radar)

10.1109/cleo.2006.4628436

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