Abstract Since the 1990s, printable, transparent, and low‐voltage transistors have attracted great attention from academia and industry due to the demand for specialized circuitry such as in radio‐frequency identification (RFID) tags, medical sensors, and electronically active textiles. Some flexible and portable devices have been available commercially; however, the challenge to convert more conceptual devices into real‐life applications is still the materials. This article starts with a brief summary of some examples from silicon electronics, to place the other materials in context, followed by the topics including high‐capacitance dielectrics, transparent conductors and semiconductors, and printability of recently developed electronic materials. The recent progress about these topics is reviewed, and discussions of each topic suggest future science and engineering research opportunities.
Energy-level matching and stress transfer are significant characters of heterojunction to achieve excellent carrier generation and transportation behavior for energy harvesting. Here, we proposed a novel flexible nanogenerator built by ITO/PET layers spin-coated with ZnO/BaTiO3 heterojunction composite, whose electrical output performance can be largely enhanced due to the nano-network constructed by BaTiO3 microspheres and ZnO nanorods. Under periodic stress, varying temperature field and contact-separation conditions, the energy harvesting capacity of ZnO/BaTiO3 nanogenerator is enhanced greatly compared with pure BaTiO3 one, which can be attributed to the improvements of stress and carrier transport efficiency depending on the network structure and energy band matching in ZnO/BaTiO3 heterojunction. The maximum output voltage and current are improved by 6.6 and 4.38 times to 7.2 V and 0.07 μA, respectively, after the polarization treatment by applied electric field, due to the ferroelectric domain rearrangement. While the highest output current reach to 1.0 μA and 2.0 μA for contact-separation and varying temperature modes as TENG and PyENG, respectively. A DFT theoretical result is obtained that electrons accepting/losing capacities of ZnO/BaTiO3 heterojunction are improved with increasing pressure according to the plane-averaged electron density difference. These results indicate that this simply-made multimode nanogenerator can be a promising candidate for energy harvesting under different external excitations.
In recent years, as the rapid development of highway construction and the increase of road traffic mileage of China, the highway traffic safety smooth has become an essential question of highway projects. In this paper, the second line which was modified by fiber slurry of S211 provincial highway construction engineering as the test prototype. We have calculated the optimum mixture ratio of the slurry mixture which was modified by fiber in the laboratory. In this condition, the shear performance, anti-fatigue performance, water damage resistance and mechanical impact resistance performance of the mixture have improved compared with the mixture without fiber modified. At the same time, the same section road with fiber modified slurry mixture and without fiber modified slurry mixture have been compared and analyzed by finite element method based on the ANSYS. We could draw some basic conclusions: The value of pavement deflection and the tensile stress of fiber modified slurry layered road have reduced compared with the slurry layered road without fiber modified.
The future deployment of terawatt-scale proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) technology necessitates development of an efficient oxygen evolution catalyst with low cost and long lifetime. Currently, the stability of the most active iridium (Ir) catalysts is impaired by dissolution, redeposition, detachment, and agglomeration of Ir species. Here we present a ripening-induced embedding strategy that securely embeds the Ir catalyst in a cerium oxide support. Cryogenic electron tomography and all-atom kinetic Monte Carlo simulations reveal that synchronizing the growth rate of the support with the nucleation rate of Ir, regulated by sonication, is pivotal for successful synthesis. A PEMWE using this catalyst achieves a cell voltage of 1.72 volts at a current density of 3 amperes per square centimeter with an Ir loading of just 0.3 milligrams per square centimeter and a voltage degradation rate of 1.33 microvolts per hour, as demonstrated by a 6000-hour accelerated aging test.
Abstract Enhancing the p‐orbital delocalization of a Bi catalyst (termed as POD‐Bi) via layer coupling of the short inter‐layer Bi−Bi bond facilitates the adsorption of intermediate *OCHO of CO 2 and thus boosts the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) rate to formate. X‐ray absorption fine spectroscopy shows that the POD‐Bi catalyst has a shortened inter‐layer bond after the catalysts are electrochemically reduced in situ from original BiOCl nanosheets. The catalyst on a glassy carbon electrode exhibits a record current density of 57 mA cm −2 (twice the state‐of‐the‐art catalyst) at −1.16 V vs. RHE with an excellent formate Faradic efficiency (FE) of 95 %. The catalyst has a record half‐cell formate power conversion efficiency of 79 % at a current density of 100 mA cm −2 with 93 % formate FE when applied in a flow‐cell system. The highest rate of the CO 2 RR production reported (391 mg h −1 cm 2 ) was achieved at a current density of 500 mA cm −2 with formate FE of 91 % at high CO 2 pressure.
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