Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is the most common species that causes peri-implantitis. It forms an irreversible dense biofilm and causes inflammation. A novel 3D-printed porous TC4-6Cu alloy was fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM) technology for the dental implant, which is anticipated to inhibit biofilm formation. We attempted to investigate the antibacterial ability and antibacterial mechanism of the 3D-printed porous TC4-6Cu alloy against P. gingivalis. This work used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser confocal microscopy (CLSM) to detect the antimicrobial ability of the alloy against sessile P. gingivalis. The results indicated that the 3D-printed porous TC4-6Cu alloy could cause bacterial fragmentation and deformation. Plate antimicrobial counting experiments showed that the antibacterial rates of the alloy against adherent bacteria and planktonic bacteria after 24 h were 98.05% and 73.92%, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Cu2+ were tested to appraise the antibacterial property of the alloy against planktonic P. gingivalis. The relationship between the antibacterial mechanism of the alloy with oxidative stress was evaluated through ROS fluorescence intensity and protein leakage concentration. The results revealed that the alloy significantly eliminated adherent bacteria and inhibited biofilm formation. Moreover, 3D-printed porous TC4-6Cu alloy demonstrated significant bactericidal ability by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could result in protein leakage from the bacterial cell membrane. This research may open a new perspective on the development and biomedical applications for dental implantation.
Abstract Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) have demonstrated greater proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential in certain studies compared to other types of mesenchymal stem cells, making them a promising option for treating craniomaxillofacial bone defects. However, due to low extracting concentration and long amplifying cycles, their access is limited and utilization rates are low. To solve these issues, the principle of bone-forming peptide-1 (BFP1) in situ chemotaxis was utilized for the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs to achieve simultaneous and synergistic osteogenesis at multiple sites. BFP1-functionalized gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel provided a 3D culture microenvironment for stem cells. The experimental results showed that the 3D composite hydrogel scaffold constructed in this study increased the cell spread area by four times compared with the conventional GelMA scaffold. Furthermore, the problems of high stem cell dosage and low rate of utilization were alleviated by orchestrating the programmed proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. In vivo, high-quality repair of critical bone defects was achieved using hDPSCs extracted from a single tooth, and multiple ‘bone island’-like structures were successfully observed that rapidly induced robust bone regeneration. In conclusion, this study suggests that this kind of convenient, low-cost, island-like osteogenesis strategy involving a low dose of hDPSCs has great potential for repairing craniomaxillofacial critical-sized bone defects.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)
