We demonstrate blue organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with high luminance based on DNA biopolymer. We incorporated aromatic surfactant in the synthesis of DNA biopolymer, which results in lower operation voltage of biopolymer-based OLEDs and a turn-on voltage of 3.77 V was achieved. Maximum luminance of 12277 cd/m2 and a 46.4% enhancement in luminous efficacy of blue OLED based on DNA biopolymer was demonstrated compared to the reference device. This demonstrates a viable and facile route to adjust the conductivity of DNA biopolymer and paves the way towards multifunctional biomaterial-based optoelectronic devices and applications.
ABSTRACT: Increased DNA fragmentation is found in sperm from infertile men. Varicocele is an important cause of male infertility, even though it is present in 15% of men who father children. Semen analysis does not always identify infertility in these patients. Sperm motility is strongly correlated with male fertility potential. The goal of this study was to determine the correlation between apoptosis and kinematics in the ejaculated spermatozoa of patients affected by varicocele. Fresh semen samples were obtained from 30 patients with varicocele and 15 fertile controls. These samples were compared using computer‐assisted semen analysis and were assayed to determine the degree of sperm apoptosis. The apoptotic index (AI) was calculated by dividing the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase—mediated deoxyuridine‐5′‐triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) stained spermatozoa by the total number of Hoechst 33258‐stained sperm cells for 300 sperm. Five microscopic fields were analyzed to obtain 5 AIs for each individual. Results demonstrated no significant difference in semen quality and sperm motion characteristics; however, a significantly higher AI (23.05% ± 4.07%: mean difference ± SE, 95% CI, 15.06%–31.03%, P < .0001) was identified in the varicocele group than in the fertile controls. We concluded that sperm apoptosis does not seem to correlate with semen quality and sperm kinematics and that apoptosis is increased in ejaculated spermatozoa in patients with varicocele compared to normal fertile men.
We demonstrated high luminance of blue organic light-emitting devices using DNA biopolymer modified by aromatic surfactant. Such material helps to improve hole-electron balance at the emitting layer without increasing the driving voltage significantly, which is attributed to the use of aromatic surfactant in DNA biopolymer. Maximum luminance of 12014 cd/m 2 at 14V for DNA biopolymer-based OLED was achieved. Further enhancement can be obtained while metallic nanoparticles were hybridized in DNA biopolymer matrix forming nanoparticle/DNA biopolymer nanocomposite using a rapid photosynthesis method.
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