SERCOS is a data exchange protocol between CNCcontroller and digital drives. The author developed an Active SERCOS Card based on PC ISA bus. With this card, we can control digital drives with SERCOS interfaces without any detailed knowledge of SERCOS. This paper introduces the hardware and software architectures of the card.
With advances in biomedical methods, tissue-engineered materials have developed rapidly as an alternative to autografts for the repair of injuries. However, the materials selected for use in the repair of injuries, in particular multiple injuries and largegap defects, must be chosen carefully. Various methods and materials for protecting the healthy tissue and repairing injuries have been described, and each method or material has advantages and disadvantages. Recently, a large amount of research has been focused on tissue-engineered materials for the repair of injuries. Using the keywords peripheral injury, autotransplant, nerve graft, and biomaterial, we retrieved publications using tissue-engineered materials for the repair of injuries appearing in the Web of Science from 2010 to 2014. The country with the most total publications was the USA. The institutions that were the most productive in this field include Hannover Medical School(Germany), Washington University(USA), and Nantong University(China). The total number of publications using tissue-engineered materials for the repair of injuries gradually increased over time, as did the number of Chinese publications, suggesting that China has made many scientific contributions to this field of research.
Many patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction have concomitant mitral regurgitation(MR). Their symptoms and prognosis worsen with increasing severity of MR. Percutaneous Mitra Clip? can be used safely to reduce the severity of MR even in patients with advanced heart failure and is associated with improved symptoms, quality of life and exercise tolerance. However, a few patients with very poor left ventricular systolic function may experience significant haemodynamic disturbance in the peri-procedural period. We present three such patients, highlighting some of the potential problems encountered and discuss their possible pathophysiological mechanisms and safety measures.
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