Introduction: The constant pursuit of improvement in the quality of healthcare received by citizens is palpable throughout the Catalan healthcare system. In this context, professional roles must be redefined, fostering the redistribution of skills and optimising the autonomy of every practitioner. Therefore, in response to the request put forward by many bodies that are part of the Catalan Healthcare and Social Services Consortium (CSC), in June 2013, we organised a seminar focussed on advanced nursing skills, in which different experiences undertaken in Catalonia were presented and in which advanced skills were already tangible.Main Objective: In order to lend continuity to this seminar, it was agreed to put together a series of documents outlining recommendations to help all those bodies that considered implementing one of the experiences presented. Preventive healthcare and health promotion activities in the paediatric age group in primary care, led by nursing practitioners, were unanimously chosen as one of the first skills to be nurtured and developed.Description: This document was drawn up by a working group comprising experts with different health professional roles (paediatricians, paediatric nurses, community nurses, centre directors, etc.), in the field of primary care throughout Catalonia.The key points for implementing nurse-led preventive healthcare and health promotion activities are as follows:1) It must be a consensus decision reached by management and the professionals involved;2) Implementation may be commenced by the more motivated and expert professionals;3) The ultimate goal is to apply the initiative across the whole centre;4) There must be a high level of mutual trust between paediatricians and nurses;5) Dynamic teams of paediatricians-nurses must be created;6) The initiative must be coordinated and managed by professionals who believe in the model;7) Spaces must be accessible between the nurse’s consulting room and that of the paediatrician;8) Nurses must be trained and experienced in this field;9) Various duly trained nurses are required;10) Protocols for action must be agreed upon;11) Information systems must be shared between the paediatrician and the nurse;12) The family must be informed about the model.Discussion: In practice, it is a model that promotes nurse autonomy in paediatrics and families’ accessibility to healthcare, making the nurse a reference point for these families. This system helps create a climate of trust and closer relations for all those involved. It also allows paediatricians to dedicate more time to the pathologies that most need it, freeing up agendas.As suggestions for improvement in the present day, impetus must be given to training nurses both internally and externally, as well as to increasing the number of trained nurses to lead the child healthcare programme.Conclusions: This model seeks to foster the skills of paediatricians and nurses, supporting nursing leadership and the provision of more appropriate care by paediatricians to care for children in need of it on account of their pathology, fostering preventive healthcare and the promotion of health coupled with family empowerment and better resource distribution.
Introduction: patients who are hospitalized suffer from a set of reactions and feelings that generally lead to sleep problems in the hospital, where work is continuous in relation to the care required by the patients and where it is necessary to consider the technology that characterizes the differ-ent units, because of the noise produced and the light required by professionals to carry out the work. Noise and light are the environmental factors that most affect hospitalized patients. The objective is to check, identify and discuss which are the environmental disturbing factors that affect the sleep/rest of patients admitted to the hospital. Material and methods: a bibliographic search of the main primary and secondary databases such as Pubmed®, CINAHL®, Cochrane® and Google Scholar® was carried out over the last 10 years. Results: A large number of articles were obtained, from which the most relevant ones were selected according to the objective of this critical narrative review. Discussion and conclusions: there is great complexity and variability in the methodologies of the different studies related to environmental disturbance factors, but also in recent years greater attention has been paid to research on the factors that affect sleep and rest of patients admitted to hospital. It can be concluded that noise and light are the main environmental disturbance factors affecting sleep/rest in hospital patients and that more high quality research is needed to overcome the limitations and difficulties of previous studies and strengthen evidence-based nursing care.
The Fourth Annual Medical Writing Executives Forum took place during the 2022 American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) Conference with the aim of bringing together heads of medical writing departments to discuss relevant topics in medical writing. This year’s theme focused on the development of a framework for a medical writing apprentice program. The participants shared their experiences to begin laying the foundation for a successful medical writing apprentice program framework that can be customized and deployed as needed to help develop and grow the next generation of medical writers.
espanolIntroduccion: El Cuerpo de Damas enfermeras de Cruz Roja Espanola, constituido durante el reinado de Alfonso XIII, era un colectivo de mujeres especificamente formadas para prestar servicios voluntarios de caracter social y sanitario. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es demostrar que las Damas Enfermeras de Cruz Roja Espanola desempenaron un papel sociosanitario relevante en campana institucional de Annual. Metodologia: Estudio retrospectivo de corte historico basado en el analisis documental de fuentes primarias, hemerograficas y bibliograficas. Resultados y discusion: A partir del analisis realizado y el contraste fontal, se presentan los resultados desarrollados en referencia a la gestion de la campana de Annual desde el Hospital Central, el liderazgo de la duquesa de la Victoria en dicha campana, intervencion de las Damas Enfermeras en la zona de conflicto y cooperacion en los hospitales de provincias. Conclusiones: Las Damas Enfermeras participaron en la campana de Annual de Cruz Roja Espanola, prestando un valioso servicio tanto en las zonas de conflicto, como en las provincias, bajo el liderazgo de Carmen Angoloti Mesa. EnglishIntroduction: The Spanish Red Cross Nursing Service, established during the reign of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and comprised entirely of women, was specifically created to provide voluntary services of a social and healthcare nature. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that Red Cross Nurses played a relevant role in the provision of social and health care during the health and social care campaign following the Battle of Annual, in Morocco. Methodology: A historical research was conducted, based on the documentary analysis of primary, periodical and bibliographic sources. Results: The processes of data analysis and comparison of information about the role of the Spanish Red Cross Nurses during the campaign threw light on the following areas: care at the Central Hospital, the role and leadership of the Duchess of Victoria, the work of the Red Cross Nurses during the conflict and their contribution to regional hospitals. Conclusion: The Spanish Red Cross Nurses participated in the health and social care campaign following the Battle of Annual providing a valuable service not only in conflict areas but also in other locations, under the leadership of Carmen Angoloti Mesa.
Abstract Background: The administration of salbutamol is permitted only by inhalation by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for the management of asthma and exercise-induced asthma in athletes. The establishment of criteria to distinguish between the IOC authorized use (inhaled) and the IOC prohibited use (oral) of salbutamol appeared possible using simultaneous evaluation of variables based on the concentration of nonconjugated enantiomers of salbutamol excreted in urine. Methods: Urine was collected from asthmatic and nonasthmatic swimmers who had received various preexercise doses of oral (five doses of 4 mg) or inhaled (two doses of 100 μg) salbutamol. Urine was also obtained from subjects who had received the maximum dosage of inhaled salbutamol advisable for competing athletes to provide protection from exercise-induced asthma and treatment of asthma (1600 μg in 24 h, 800 μg being in the last 4 h). All samples were analyzed to determine the total amount of unchanged salbutamol excreted in urine and the ratio between the S and R enantiomers. Results: The discriminant function D = −3.776 + 1.46 × 10−3 {[S(+)] + [R(−)]} + 1.012 {[S(+)]/[R(−)]} can be used to classify data into two groups, inhaled and oral. The confirmatory criterion suggested (cutoff at D = 1.06, 4 SD from the mean D value of the inhaled distribution) has been verified in different sets of samples showing suspicious concentrations by conventional screening procedures in doping control. An 11.8% false-negative (oral classified as inhaled) rate is assumed with the confirmatory criterion proposed, but virtually no false positives (inhaled classified as oral) are obtained (<1 in 33 000). Conclusions: The overall procedure recommended is to screen all samples and to apply the confirmation criterion proposed to samples showing free racemic salbutamol concentrations >500 μg/L by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or free + conjugated racemic salbutamol concentrations >1400 μg/L by ELISA.