Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the second most important staple food crop of world and prime staple food crop of India. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and rice-based cropping systems are integral part of agriculture whose spread and extent is predominant across the countries. The productivity and sustainability of rice-based systems are threatened by the inefficient use of inputs (fertilizer), increasing scarcity of especially water, climate variability and availability of labour. Method of establishment and N management practices influences the performance of rice through its effect on growth and development. A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2021-22 and 2022-23 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to study the “Effect of site specific N management and different crop establishment methods on tillering ability and dry matter accumulation in rice”.The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three crop establishment methods [Manual transplanting (M1) mechanical transplanting (M2) and wet direct seeded rice (M3)] in main plots and five nitrogen management practices [S1- Recommended nitrogen dose (RND), S2-Leafcolorchart (LCC), S3-Nutrient Expert (NE), S4-Greenseeker (GS), S5-Soil test crop Response STCR] in sub-plots with three replications. The results revealed that under crop establishment methods, mechanical transplanting recorded higher tiller bearing capacity per m-2 (384,446 and 415 m-2) as well dry matter production (kg ha-1) (13927, 14395 and 14161) while in nitrogen management practices soil test crop response STCR recorded higher tiller production ability per m-2 (414,468 and441m-2) and drymatterproductio (kg ha-1) (13949, 14772 and 14360 kg ha-1). The results suggest that timely transplanting of younger seedlings, appropriate N management practice based on STCR achieved better crop stand with higher tillering ability and dry matter production efficiency.
A field experiment was conducted in wet and dry seasons of 2006 and 2007 at Hyderabad to study the influence of different methods of crop establishment viz., system of rice intensification (SRI), Eco-SRI (nutrients applied through organic source only and conventional method on rice productivity, water use efficiency and its productivity. During wet season, grain yield was significantly higher in SRI than conventional method and Eco-SRI by 10.3 and 33.4%, respectively. Whereas, SRI and conventional method were on par and superior to Eco-SRI in rabi. Among the cultivars, Swarna and DRRH2 were significantly superior to other varieties in kharif and rabi, respectively. There was a mean saving of 32% water in SRI as compared to conventional method. Further the amount of water used for 1 kg grain production was higher (3177 lts) for conventional as compared to SRI method (2162 lts). Hence, SRI can become a viable alternative approach to the conventional transplanting having advantage of both in terms of higher yield and water productivity especially in the areas of limited water situations.
A field study was taken up to evaluate the influence of organic sources of nutrients and inorganic fertility levels in aerobic rice during kharif 2017 and kharif 2018 at Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of M1: Neem leaf manure 6 t ha-1; M2: Vermicompost 2 t ha-1; M3: Goat manure 5 t ha-1; M4: Microbial consortia [seed treatment 4g kg-1 + soil application 4 kg ha-1]. The sub-plot treatments comprised of S1: Control; S2: 50 % RDF; S3: 75 % RDF; S4: 100 % RDF [Recommended Dose of Fertilizer 120:60:40 kg ha-1]. It was observed that, nutrient uptake by aerobic rice was significantly influenced with application of organic nutrient sources and inorganic nutrient levels. N, P and K uptakes by rice were higher with vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 or goat manure @ 5 t ha-1 among organic sources and 100% RDF among nutrient levels. Vermicompost recorded significantly highest nitrogen (55.76, 71.7, 91.6 and 103.5 kg ha-1 respectively), phosphorus (9.04, 15.4, 18.0 and 20.5 kg ha-1) and potassium (39.7, 60.0, 76.3, 107.1 kg ha-1) uptake by rice crop at MT, PI, 50% FL and harvest and it was found at par with goat manure ( viz; nitrogen : 50.79, 66.1, 85.6 and 97.7 kg ha-1 ; phosphorus : 8.33, 14.11, 16.4 and 19.2 kg ha-1 and potassium : 38.2, 59.5, 75.2 and 84.0 kg ha-1 at MT, PI, 50% FL and harvest ) while the lowest nutrient uptake (viz; nitrogen: 37.86, 46.1, 60.9 and 77.3 kg ha-1, phosphorus: 5.74, 8.59, 11.4 and 12.6 kg ha-1 and potassium: 25.8, 41.3, 48.6 and 71.5 kg ha-1) was found with application neem leaf manure. Application of 100% RDF significantly increased N (63.58, 80.0, 99.1 and 123.1 kg ha-1), P (9.90, 17.1, 19.9 and 24.3 kg ha-1) and K (47.3, 70.8, 88.9 and 119.5 kg ha-1) and the lowest N (26.37, 32.5, 45.6 and 47.0 kg ha-1), P (4.11, 6.12, 7.7 & 7.8 kg ha-1) and K (19.3, 28.3, 34.7 and 56.7 kg ha-1) was recorded with control. Conjunctive use of 75% of RDF along with vermicompost (M2S3) or goat manure (M3S3) resulted in statistically on par nitrogen and phosphorus uptake with that of 100% RDF and the lowest nitrogen and phosphorus uptake were recorded with combination of either neem leaf manure or microbial consortia and no application of fertilizer (M1S1 and M4S1, respectively).
Accepted : February, 2010 The present day agriculture depends upon high yielding varieties, inorganic fertilizers and pesticides to achieve the increased food production required to keep pace with the increasing population. The progressive modernization of irrigated rice cultivation in India, using the above technologies has led to tremendous increase in rice production, which has more than doubled over the last 35 years, mainly driven by 85% increase in productivity. In India, herbicides constituted only 15per cent of the total consumption of pesticides, compared to the worldwide consumption of 47.5 per cent. The herbicide consumption is expected to increase dramatically in future as the use of herbicides has been expanding more rapidly than that of the other pesticides (Bhan and Mishra, 2001). Herbicide usage, which was earlier confined to plantation crops, has now expanded to crops like wheat (42 per cent of the total consumption of herbicides) and rice (30 per cent) with the states of Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh leading in the consumption of more herbicides. Since the herbicides are used when the crop is either absent as pre-emergence or at its early stage of growth as post-emergence, a high proportion of the herbicide reaches the soil and accumulates in the microbiologically active
This paper examines the yield and yield attributes under different planting methods and nitrogen treatments. Yield attributes like panicle length, filled grain and unfilled grain percentage, test weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index performed well under system of rice intensification compared to normal transplantation. Among the nitrogen management practices 75% inorganic+ 25% organic (N5) treatment showed better performance compared to 100% inorganic (N6), 100 % organic (N2), 50% organic + 50% inorganic (N4), 75% organic +25% inorganic (N3) and control (N1). Grain yield was increased significantly by 18.3% under SRI over NTP. Among nitrogen treatments N5 enhanced 37.8% yield over N1.
Chassalia curviflora (Psychotria curviflora (Wall; Family Rubiaceae) is frequency used in folklore medicines to treat a number of clinical disorders. In this study the ethanolic extract of leaves and roots of this plant was screened for in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic and in vitro anti lipidperoxidative activites. Both leaf and root extracts at 50,100 and 200 mg/kg doses reduced significantly the formation of oedema induced by carrageenan. The results were comparable to that of indomethacin, the reference drug used in the study. In the acetic acid induced writhing, the extracts showed significant analgesic activity characterized by reduction in the number of writhes when compared to the control. The extracts also inhibited MDA production in FeCl2–AA treated rat liver in vitro, exhibiting, thereby, a significant anti-lipid peroxidative efficacy. Acute toxicity study data suggested a nontoxic nature of the extracts within the range of doses tested.
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