Storage stability of processed chicken meat bullets (CMB) packaged under different packaging conditions in supplementation with composite antimicrobial biodegradable (CAB) films impregnated with 0.5% (v/v) cinnamaldehyde, a natural antimicrobial, was evaluated. Different treatments such as aerobic (aerobic packaged product, CAB-coated product and aerobic packaging), modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; MAP 50 : 50; CO2 and N2, F-MAP; CAB-coated product and MAP) and vacuum (VAC; vacuum packaged, F-VAC; CAB-coated product and vacuum) are assessed for various physico-chemical (pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances number, peroxide value and free fatty acids), microbiological (standard plate count, psychrophiles, coliforms, yeast and moulds, Staphylococci sp.) and sensory quality characteristics at 7-day intervals throughout the storage period of 35 days under refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) conditions. The CMB coated with CAB films under MAP (F-MAP) conditions had significantly (P < 0.05) better value for water activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances number, peroxide value and free fatty acids throughout the storage in comparison to the Control (MAP). Standard plate count was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for F-MAP than all other treatments. Staphylococci sp., coliforms, Salmonellae sp., yeast and mould, and psychrophiles were completely absent in CAB-coated products throughout the storage period. All the CAB products had better (P < 0.05) sensory attributes than their respective Controls during storage. Results concluded that the CMB coated in developed CAB films have a storage life of more than 35 days under MAP conditions under refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) conditions with the acceptable physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory quality attributes.
The purpose of this paper is to report the work carried out in identifying low cost processes and production engineering techniques suitable for adoption in developing countries, making full use of the inherent advantages in their environment. The methods described in this work have routinely produced 13% plus efficiency solar cells in volume production. Innovative low cost processes such as coin stack etching for junction removal and a novel co-sintering method for reliable screen printed contacts have been developed. The net result has been an ultra-low cost multi-MW sized production line utilising optimum level of manpower and skills which are easy to obtain in the given Third World. A major feature of this exercise was also the successful development of critical processing equipment based on internally developed skills.
Many methods have been used to improve weak subsoil conditions encountered in Road construction works. As a solution, engineers tend to try on mixing materials that can be used with existing soil type without completely removing and refilling with another soil type. Expansive clays are a worldwide problem that poses several challenges for Civil Engineers. They are considered a potential natural hazard, which can cause extensive damage to structures if not adequately treated. The disadvantages of clay can be overcome by stabilizing with suitable material. This research was done on the engineering behavior of clay when stabilized with copper slag. In this study, copper slag (CS) with different proportions varying from 45% to 65% was used at optimum moisture content (OMC) with clay soil to investigate the relative strength gain in terms of Unconfined compression strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR), after curing for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Number of tests was carried out to assess the improvement in engineering characteristics of the samples. It was found that copper slag when mixed with the clayey soil results in improvement of strength and CBR value with the increase in percentage of CS which considered as the required characteristics for road construction.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. FoxP3 have been shown to have important implications in various diseases. The present study describes the mechanism of action of FoxP3 in CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells derived from leprosy patients. Increased molecular interactions of FoxP3 with histone deacetylases 7/9 in the nucleus of CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells derived from borderline lepromatous leprosy/lepromatous leprosy (BL/LL) patients were found to be responsible for FoxP3-driven immune suppression activities during the progression of leprosy. Further, downregulation of CTLA-4 and CD25 genes in siFoxP3-treated PBMCs derived from BL/LL patients elucidated the transcription-activating nature of FoxP3. This observation was supported by direct binding of FoxP3 to the promoter region of the CTLA-4 and CD25 genes, and FoxP3's molecular interaction with histone acetyl transferases. The study also revealed that the increased expression of miR155 in CD4⁺CD25⁺ cells from BL/LL governs the competitive fitness of these cells. Again, reduced Annexin V & propidium iodide staining and Nur77 expression, and concomitantly increased Ki-67 positivity suggested that CD4⁺CD25⁺ cells derived from BL/LL patients are more competitively fit than those from borderline tuberculoid leprosy/tuberculoid leprosy and healthy controls. Taken together, the study shows the orchestration of FoxP3 leading to competitive fitness of Treg cells in leprosy.
Geo-textiles are polymers of high tensile strength, and they are flexible in nature. They are widely used in a variety of engineering applications including soil reinforcement. Hence, it was necessary to make an in depth study on the use of geo-textiles and their relative advantages. This work focuses on a comparative study on the load carrying capacities using geo-textiles. A series of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were performed on soil reinforced with geo-textiles, placed in single and double layers at different depths. The CBR value and stress-strain results of this study provided a better understanding on the comparative changes in load carrying capacities of the soil. The information will help in better decision making in the field of soil reinforcement.
Expansive soil properties can be improved by various methods to make it suitable for construction of flexible pavement. The coir pith is the by-product (bio-waste) generated from coir industry during extraction of coir fiber from coconut husk. Openly disposed coir pith can make the surrounding areas unhygienic. This bio-waste can be one of the potential materials to stabilize the expansive soils. In the present study coir pith and lime are used as stabilizers. Different combinations of coir pith contents (1%, 2% and 3%) and lime contents (2%, 3% and 4%)are used to study the behavior of expansive soil. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of unstabilized and stabilized soils was determined. Optimum content of coir pith and lime are determined based on UCS of the soil. California bearing ratio of soil determined at optimum contents of coir pith and lime. Flexible pavement layer compositions for two levels of traffic using stabilized soil subgrade.
Happiness or Subjective Wellbeing refers to the feeling of mental wellness by individuals to cope-up with the circumstances of life and work situations. In Indian social scenario it might be seen that what importance marriage got in society especially in context of the women. In our country married women gain more respect and are thought to be happy and satisfied by the people in general. But the women those are 30+ living singly/unmarried thought to be dissatisfied, incomplete and should have some behavioural disorders. Now drastic changes could be seen in Indian women; they have started to take their own decisions and are moving confidently in the society. There have been so many contradictory opinions of people regarding Non-attachment, Subjective Wellbeing, Marriage Attitude and Adjustment Neuroticism dimensional characteristics of married and unmarried working women. In our society some of the married women are forced to do the job in addition to the household job to prove their worth for the status of their husbands and families and then comes the issue that are these women capable to manage different role conflicts? And how we accept the unmarried women in society?.
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