Abstract Flight simulation is a growing interest in the military to reduce accidents involving the jets used in the air force. Reducing accidents not only saves the lives of the pilots, but also money as the jets will not be destroyed. A Stewart platform can be used as a moving component to be used in flight simulation to acclimatize the pilots to moving during flight without flying a real jet. In this paper the fidelity of the roll rotational direction and the effect the roll has on the lateral sway movement will be tested. A set path will be created and then followed by the platform with a range of 12 different frequencies. These trials are then plotted against the generated data to display the correlation between them. The fidelity of the gain and phase values are calculated and plotted to show proper fidelity. The results of the study show that the platform is within the fidelity requirements to be considered a flight simulator training device.
Hospital nurses and caregivers are reported to have the highest number of workplace injuries every year, which directly leads to missed days of work, a large amount of compensation costs, and staff shortage issues in the healthcare industry. Hence, this research study provides a new technique to evaluate the risk of injuries for healthcare workers using a combination of unobtrusive wearable devices and digital human technology. The seamless integration of JACK Siemens software and the Xsens motion tracking system was used to determine awkward postures adopted for patient transfer tasks. This technique allows for continuous monitoring of the healthcare worker's movement which can be obtained in the field.Thirty-three participants underwent two common tasks: moving a patient manikin from a lying position to a sitting position in bed and transferring the manikin from a bed to a wheelchair. By identifying, in these daily repetitive patient-transfer tasks, potential inappropriate postures that can be conducive to excessive load on the lumbar spine, a real-time monitoring process can be devised to adjust them, accounting for the effect of fatigue. Experimental Result: From the results, we identified a significant difference in spinal forces exerted on the lower back between genders at different operational heights. Additionally, we revealed the main anthropometric variables (e.g., trunk and hip motions) that are having a large impact on potential lower back injury.These results will lead to implementation of training techniques and improvements in working environment design to effectively reduce the number of healthcare workers experiencing lower back pain, which can be conducive to fewer workers leaving the healthcare industry, better patient satisfaction and reduction of healthcare costs.
Abstract Robotic platforms have been prevalently used as a flight simulator in the commercial airlines and military aviation for pilot training to ensure that the flight crew members familiarize with the standard operating procedures. An ideal flight simulator can provide motions as they occur in the real airplane. However, it is difficult to provide an optimal simulation because of the interaction between the translational and rotational motions. Accordingly, in this study a low-cost Stewart platform is used to simulate different weather conditions via considering multiple variables, such as the frequency and amplitude of external perturbations. Its accuracy of acceleration will be evaluated. Once the result is validated, this affordable robotic platform can be widely applied in different types of simulators to achieve optimal stimulation.
Abstract Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the largest waste generated from the brewing industry, accounting for ∼39 million tons yearly. Currently, the material has limited use for feeding farm animals and presents minimal market value. There has been a growing interest in the potential recycling of BSG as a manufacturing material. In this study, we are reporting the preparation of a fully bio-based 3D printable biocomposite based on recycled BSG material. The biocomposite is composed of BSG fine particles that are blended with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) hydrogel. Cross-linking agent glutaraldehyde was used to improve the viscosity of the biocomposite. Our results showed the composite is a paste-like material and adaptable for 3D printing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical testing were used to evaluate the surface morphology and mechanical resistance of biocomposite, respectively. A prototype for food spoilage monitoring based on the BSG-NFC biocomposite was demonstrated. It is expected that this fully bio-based composite will be a low-cost, recyclable, and sustainable 3D bio-printing material for biological applications.
There are nearly 620,000 FAA-certified pilots in the US. Since 1980, the number has dropped by 25%, while the population has grown by over 40%. One reason for such a reduction in sports aviation licenses is the ever-increasing expense of training. Flight simulators have been used for decades for the training of pilots. However, custom software and bulkiness often render their use prohibitive. We are proposing an innovative approach that bridges the gap between personal computer trainers and costly, bulky full flight simulators, by using off-the-shelf hardware and software, but combining them in a novel fashion. A series of Objective motion cueing tests (OMCT) were conducted to demonstrate the frequency response of the complete motion cueing system of the Flight Simulator ensuring the simulator met the required parameters of perception fidelity. This affordable simulator has the potential to revolutionize the industry of flight simulation so that more people will be interested in getting their pilot's license.
Abstract Flight simulation has gained interest over the past 20 years for pilots training. Due to its safety, it has been efficiently used to prevent accidents before operating the real aircrafts. Every year roughly 40 plane accidents occur in the United States alone. One of the main causes for accidents in aviation are the inexperience of the pilot. Considering the dangerous conditions, such as the inconsistencies of weather at the time of training that cannot be extensively provided, which leads to the accident rate is consistent high. However, with the implementation of flight simulation training, there will be visual and physical feedback allowing the pilot to better acclimate themselves with these extreme situations. Currently, one study has shown that there is a strong correlation between the realism of the flight simulation and the knowledge of situation that the pilot retains. While the instructor and pilot skill level were a factor, it was found that the accuracy of the flight simulator was more impactful for the transfer to actual flight. Accordingly, our study will evaluate the accuracy of pitch rotation for the 6 degrees of freedom Stewart platform and understand the effect of pitch rotation to the surge (fore and aft) horizontal movement. The precise movements are a key aspect of the flight simulator to ensure pilots in training are exposed to movements as close to real flight as possible. Using 12 different frequencies from 0.0159Hz to 2.515Hz provided by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the angular displacement data will be generated, and the movements will be executed on the platform. In the meanwhile, the recorded kinematic data will be collected by a motion tracking sensor (MPU-6050, TDK InverSense) and a microcontroller (Arduino nano). The data will be exported by using Arduino software. The Root Mean Square Error and the fidelity of gain values and phase values corresponding to each of frequency path trials will be calculated to assess the accuracy of movements by comparing the collected actual data and the generated ideal data in a sinusoidal wave. Once the results are validated, not only it is an advancement toward flight simulation that produces physical feedback in training situations, but this flight simulator could greatly improve the pilot operational skills without taking the risk of aircraft accidents.
Ultra-low frequency electromagnetic transmitter is typically used equipment that tracking position in the pipeline.Effective receiving distance which is determined by the emission field strength is one of the most important performance parameters of such equipment.Moreover, transmitting antenna coil parameters have a decisive effect on the emission field strength.We conclude by theoretical calculation between emission field strength and coil parameters.Under existing conditions, such as battery, core, and volume, the bifilar can exponentially increase the effective radiated magnetic field strength; improve the performance of the penetration distance.Then, we experimentally verify the effectiveness of this optimization. ForewordIn the process of oil and gas pipelines regular maintenance and cleaning，pigs in the pipelines must be tracked and located in the whole process.Reasonable pipeline maintenance and operating procedures can greatly improve the life of the pipeline and eliminate security risks in the production process.The proper tracking measures and technologies can confirm the main pipeline failureclogged locations to promptly eliminate clogging fault.Otherwise, it will cause serious consequences with pipeline efficiency drops even scrapped.Currently, most pig configuration of tracking system is based on the principle of ultra-low electromagnetic pulse transmitting and receiving.Its working principle is: the tracking system is fixed to the pig, and the transmitter coil emits ultra-low frequency electromagnetic pulse.The receiver of surface receives the signal through the probe receiving coil, and tracking the position by the processing identification of the pig.To ensure the electromagnetic pulse can effectively penetrate metal pipes and soil rock, the frequency is around 23Hz.Because emission field strength is needed to be large enough (is proportional to the effective receiving distance), so transmitter coil generally use high permeability perm alloy material as the core, while increasing coil winding turns to increase its inductance, which to some extent to meet the emission field strength requirements.But generally it remains within the volume limits law generally single coil wound caused by poor performance parameters cannot launch a large magnetic field strength, so that which effect the problem of effective reception distance shortage.The design on the condition that the existing battery, the core and allowed volume, and by theoretical calculation of the relationship between effective radiated field strength and the coil parameters, obtained using bifilar winding can exponentially increase the effective radiated field strength and improve penetration distance performance findings.Its effectiveness of the proposed optimization scheme is verified by experimental results, which will undoubtedly have a strong inventiveness and practical significance in engineering applications. Transmit coil optimization design calculation Magnetic antenna transmission systemVLF transmitter system uses a special kind of "antenna"; its transmitter calculation methods are different with general radio transmitters.(1)Spatial magnetic field of the energized solenoid
Flight simulators are training devices that are meant to assist the pilot in learning the mechanics and feel of flying an aircraft without actually leaving the ground. The Stewart platform is a six degree of freedom platform capable of simulation precise movements as well as vibrations. In this paper the fidelity of a Stewart platform will be tested in the surge direction as well as yaw rotation. The fidelity of the platform will be tested to ensure accuracy when being used as a flight simulator to train future pilots before they leave the ground in an aircraft to further prevent potential accidents. The movements for verification will be generated using MATLAB and used as an input to the platform which will collect the movements with a 6 axis inertial movement unit. The results show that the fidelity of the Stewart platform satisfies the standards to be used as a flight simulator training device.
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