As a convenient and effective surface modification approach, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP)can be used to improve dentin bonding, and has recently become a research focus. Studies have shown that NTAPP can alter dentin surface properties, improve the penetration and polymerization of adhesives, stimulate the cross-linking of collagen, and change the micro-morphology and element content of dentin surface, thus improve the dentin bonding quality. This article introduces the current research progress in the application of NTAPP in the field of dentin bonding, in order to provide innovative information for future research in optimization of the quality of dentin bonding.低温常压等离子体（non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma，NTAPP）是一种简便、有效的表面改性技术，近年成为提高牙本质粘接质量的研究热点。NTAPP能通过改变牙本质表面性质促进粘接剂渗透及聚合、促进胶原交联以及改变牙本质表面微观形貌和元素含量，改善牙本质粘接质量。本文就NTAPP于牙本质粘接领域的应用进展作一综述，以期为牙本质粘接的优化研究提供参考。.
Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs) for building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) face the challenge of achieving high efficiency due to significant light loss. The SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL), utilized in n‐i‐p PSCs and prepared via the sol‐gel method, is susceptible to aggregation on substrate, resulting in light scattering that diminishes absorption of the perovskite layer. In this study, we propose a strategy that combines atomic layer deposition (ALD) and sol‐gel solution to deposit a bilayer SnO2 structure to address these issues. The compact ALD SnO2 layer enhances subsequent deposition of the sol‐gel SnO2 layer, mitigating aggregation of SnO2 nanoparticles. Moreover, ALD SnO2 exhibits a lower refractive index compared to the sol‐gel SnO2 film due to its lower ratio of Sn4+/Sn2+, creating a refractive index gradient that improves light transmittance. Consequently, the bilayer SnO2 increases the short‐circuit current of wide‐bandgap ST‐PSCs with an energy gap of 1.66 eV up to 21.27 mA/cm2 and boosts efficiency up to a certified value of 20.22%. Furthermore, the device demonstrates an 81.4% bifaciality and maintains 91.47% of its initial efficiency after exposure to 1000 hours under 1‐sun white LED illumination.
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