With regard to the resist stacking process, it was proposed that the implantation of ions whose acceleration voltage was below 50 kV could make the lower-layer resist insoluble for the upper-layer resist patterning process. But the lower-layer resist pattern was observed to be peeled off in a pattern. In another type of the pattern whose lower-layer pattern was fastened by the upper-layer pattern, there were caves in the bottom of the lower-layer resist pattern. From the calculation of the projected range of the ions, it was found that the ions cannot reach the bottom of the lower-layer resist pattern, so that the bottom of the lower-layer resist was not hardened. The peeling-off was due to the dissolution of the bottom in the lower-layer resist during the development of the upper-layer resist pattern. When the acceleration voltage of the implanted ions is set so that the projected range of the ions is larger than the resist thickness, the lower-layer resist can be made effectively insoluble for the upper-layer resist patterning process. The ion implanted pattern can be used as the etching mask. Moreover, the ions can be prevented from penetrating the film to be etched by adjusting the acceleration voltage.
Two feline immunodeficiency virus-positive cats with renal insufficiency showed systemic amyloidosis, and amyloid deposit reacted with anti-amyloid A mouse monoclonal antibody.
In the present study, the relationships between beta-adrenergic receptor (beta-AR) expression and aerobic capacity evaluated by maximal oxygen consumption (.VO2max) and oxygen consumption level at ventilatory threshold (.VO2@VT) were investigated. Seventeen physically untrained and 25 trained men participated in the study. After supine resting, the peripheral blood was sampled for preparation of lymphocytes, the model cell used to analyze the beta-AR state. The total number of beta-AR in lymphocytes (beta-ARtotal) was inversely correlated with the VO2 max (r = -0. 368; P < 0.05) and the VO2@VT (r = -0.359; P < 0.05). Similar relationships were also observed between the number of beta-AR in cell surface and both VO2 max (r = -0.491; P < 0.05) and VO2@VT (r = -0.498; P < 0.05). However, no correlation was obtained between the number of beta-AR in intracellular compartments and either VO2 max or VO2@VT. The beta2-AR mRNA level quantified by the use of competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was inversely correlated with VO2@VT (r = -0.567; P < 0.05) and positively correlated with beta-ARtotal (r = 0.521; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the beta-AR number in lymphocytes is inversely correlated with aerobic capacity. This relationship may be explained by downregulation of beta-AR, including internalization with subsequent degradation of the receptors and inhibition of the beta-AR biosynthesis.
In this paper, we present a novel method to extract keyposes from motion-capture data streams. It adaptively extracts keyposes in response to the motion characteristics of a given data stream. We adopt an approach to detect local minima in the temporal variation of motion speed. In the developed algorithm, the intensity of each local minimum is first evaluated by using a set of signals; it is obtained by applying a set of low-pass filters to a one-dimensional motion-speed data stream. The cut-off frequencies of the filters are distributed over a wide frequency range. By adding up the speed-descent values of each local minimum over all the signals, we exhaustively obtain the information on its intensity provided at all the time-scale levels covered by a given data stream. Then, the obtained intensity values are categorized by a clustering algorithm; the local minima categorized as those of little significance are deleted and the remaining ones are fixed as those giving keyposes. Experimental results showed that the present method provided results comparable to the best of those given by the methods previously proposed. This was achieved without readjusting the values of parameters used in the algorithm. Readjustment was indispensable for the other methods to obtain good results.
