Abstract Enzymatic alcoholysis has been developed for the preparation of some chiral 1‐ and 2‐hydroxyalkanephosphonates with high optical purity. This method ensures the convenient access to the optically pure phosphocarnitine, phosphogabob and phosphomycin.
Abstract To study the prognostic affection of micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes of primary breast cancer.Methods Forty-five cases of stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ primary breast cancer in which axillary lymph nodes were metastatic negative by routine pathological examination were divided into two groups,one is died (25 cases),the other is alive (20 cases) through more than 10 years of follow-up.Sup-serial sections and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to re-examined the whole lymph nodes for micrometastases detection.Monoclonal antibody cytokeratin 19 was used as the primary reagents to identify tumor cells in lymph nodes.Results Immunostaining positive tumor cells were found in 13 cases of died group,while no positive tumor cell was found in alive group ( P 0 01). Conclusion Micrometastasis can affect patient sprognosis significantly.Micrometastases detection in lymph nodes of primary breast cancer is valuable theoretically and practically.
Objective:To investigate the medical therapy and outcomes of postoperative lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(DVT) following gynecological surgical procedures.Methods:According to the course of medical therapy,31 cases who suffered from postoperative lower extremity DVT were divided into two groups: completely treated group(n=17) and incompletely or untreated group(n=14).The clinical characteristics,treatment modalities and the outcomes were studied retrospectively.Results:① Among 31 cases who suffered from DVT,there are 3 cases suffered from pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE),the morbidity of PTE in patients with DVT was 9.7%.② Symptoms and signs in completely treated group were relieved more earlier than in incompletely or untreated group(P0.05).③The rate of post-thrombotic syndrome in two groups had no significant difference(P0.05).④The rate of complete lysis in completely treated group was much higher than in incompletely or untreated group(P0.05).Conclusions:PTE and PTS could be the most serious secondary from postoperative lower extremity DVT in gynecological surgeries.Early and completely anticoagulatory therapy was effective for DVT.
ObjectiveTo investigate the activity of tissue plasminogen activator(t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI) in patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy.MethodsThe activity of plasma t-PA and PAI were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)respectively in 40 cases with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy(HDCP group),20 nonfertile women(unpregnancy group)and 20 pregnant women(pregnant woman group).ResultsThe level of plasma t-PA was higher in HDCP group and pregnant woman group than that in unpregnancy group(P0.001),but there was no statistical significance between HDCP group and pregnant woman group(P0.05).The level of plasma PAI was higher in HDCP group and pregnant woman group than that in unpregnancy group(P0.001),the level of plasma PAI was higher in HDCP group than that in pregnant woman group(P0.01).The level of PAI in patients with eclamptism was higher than that in patients with gestational hypertension or eclampsism(P0.05),and it was higher in patients with eclampsism than that in patients with gestational hypertension(P0.05).ConclusionThe level of plasminogen inhibitor increases in patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy.
Objective: This study seeks to account for the possibility that single kidney glomerular filtration rate (SKGFR) and donor/recipient (D/R) body surface area (BSA) ratio could act as cofactors for evaluating potential living related donors. Methods: The study population included 204 cases of LKRs with a functional graft that were regularly followed up for more than 2 years. Based on SKGFR and D/R BSA ratio, the recipients were divided into six groups: group A (SKGFR < 40 mL/min, D/R BSA ratio ≤ 0.8), group B (SKGFR < 40 mL/min, 0.8 < D/R BSA ratio < 1.2), group C (SKGFR < 40 mL/min, D/R BSA ratio ≥ 1.2), group D (SKGFR ≥ 40 mL/min, D/R BSA ratio ≤ 0.8), group E (SKGFR ≥ 40 mL/min, 0.8 < D/R BSA ratio < 1.2), and group F (SKGFR ≥ 40 mL/min, D/R BSA ratio ≥ 1.2). The database included donor, recipient, and transplant variables. Renal function of the recipients was recorded at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months post-transplantation, respectively. Results: The declining rate of SCr and graft eGFR in stable periods post-transplantation in group A were always worse than the other five groups, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The declining rate of SCr and graft eGFR in stable periods post-transplantation in groups C and F were always better than the other four groups, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both SKGFR and D/R BSA ratio should be considered for choosing potential living related donors. Donors with SKGFR < 40 mL/min and D/R BSA ratio ≤ 0.8 should be carefully selected. Satisfactory graft function in donors with SKGFR < 40 ml could be achieved if their D/R BSA ratio is >0.8.
Objective To investigate the antagonistic effect of different doses of astragaloside Ⅳ (AST Ⅳ) on immune function of regulatory T (Treg) cells mediated by high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) in rats and the mechanism by which AST Ⅳ exerts its influence.Methods CD4 + CD25 +Treg cells isolated from the spleens of clean-grade BALB/c mice were seeded on 72-well culture plate.Cells were divided into four groups (18 wells per group) according to the random number table,i.e.normal control group (cells were cultured merely),HMGB1 (1 μg/ml) group,HMGB1 (1 μg/ml) + AST Ⅳ (50 μg/ml) group,and HMGB1 (1 μg/ml)+AST Ⅳ (100 μg/ml) group.Each group consisted of three subgroups (6 wells per group),from which the Treg cells were collected at post-stimulation hours 24,48 and 72 respectively.Foxp3 intracellular protein and mRAN expressions were detected by flow cytometry and quantitative fluorescent PCR.Contents of IL-10 and TGF-β released into the supernatants were determined by ELISA method.Results As compared with the control group,Foxp3 intracellular protein and mRAN expressions in the Treg cells were decreased at 24 hours to 72 hours after HMGB1 stimulation (P ＜ 0.01),with particular reduction at 72 hours.Additionally,changes of IL-10 and TGF-βin the supernatants presented the same trends with Foxp3.Foxp3 protein and mRAN expressions in AST Ⅳ group were markedly higher than that in HMGB1 group at 24-72 hours (P ＜ 0.05) and the expressions in AST Ⅳ(100 μg/ml) group were much more significant than that in AST Ⅳ (50 μg/ml) group (P ＜ 0.05).While contents of IL-10 and TGF-β in supernatants revealed the same trend with Fox3 as well.Conclusions AST Ⅳ antagonizes the impact of HMGB1 on the activity of the Treg cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro.It is suggested that AST Ⅳ has a strong inhibitory effect on HMGB1-mediated inflammatory response.
Key words:
Sepsis; High mobility group proteins; Immune tolerance; Regulatory T cell
The effects of recombinant IL-2 on the antibody levels against swine fever virus in the healthy and PRRS antibody positive pigs were studied . The rate of pigs with antibody litres 1:64 immunized with attenuted swine fever vaccine and IL-2 20 days after immunization increased to 85 % in comparison with that of 25% in control animals immunized only with vaccine when tested with indirect heamagglutination assay. In the pigs with PRRS antibody positive and the antibody tilers to swine fever virus lower than 1∶32 after immunization for 2 times using attenuated swine fever vaccine , the injection of IL-2 could only induce the pigs from antibody negative to antibody positive, from the antibody titre 1∶8-1∶16 to 1∶32-1∶64. The results indicated that the recombinant IL-2 could relieve pigs from immunosuppression of PRRS and enhance the immune effects of swine fever vaccine.
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