Ibrahim González Marrero

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Emilia María Carmona Calero

Bellvitge University Hospital

Luis García Hernández Abad

Universidad de La Laguna

Agustín Lorenzo Castañeyra Perdomo

Antonio Alayón Fumero

Carlos Raúl Monge Casafranca

Rafael Fuentes

Institut Català d'Oncologia

Raquel Marín Cruzado

Ricardo A. Puertas Avendaño

Javier R. Castro Hernández

Juan M. González Toledo

Cooperative Institutions

Universidad de La Laguna

Institut Català d'Oncologia

Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta

Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Leiden University Medical Center

Royal University Hospital

Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria

Hospital Santa Caterina

Velindre NHS Trust

Velindre Cancer Centre

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Disfunción de las catecolaminas en la medula adrenal de la rata durante la hipertensión y su tratamiento con captopril

Majorensis: Revista Electrónica de Ciencia y Tecnología (2007)

Emilia María Carmona Calero Juan M. González Toledo Ibrahim González Marrero

espanolHemos investigado las alteraciones de la expresion de las enzimas que catalizan la formacion de las catecolaminas y la cromogranina A en la medula adrenal de la rata espontaneamente hipertensa (SHR) y sus variaciones con el tratamiento con captopril. Hemos usado glandulas suprarrenales de ratas macho divididas en cuatro grupos: un grupo control (WKY), un grupo WKY tratado con captopril (WKY-T), un grupo hipertenso (SHR) y un grupo SHR tratado con captopril (SHR-T). Las ratas fueron sacrificadas a las 8, 10 y 15 semanas de edad. Se usaron anticuerpos contra la tirosina-hidroxilasa (TH), dopamina beta-hidroxilasa (DBH), fenil-etanol-amina-N-metiltransferasa (PNMT) y cromogranina A (ChA) para el estudio inmunohistoquimico y de wetern blot. En la glandula suprarrenal la ChA y la TH estaban incrementadas en los grupos SHR, pero el tratamiento con captopril produjo un aumento en ambos grupos control e hipertenso. Mientras que la actividad DBH y PNMT en las ratas SHR fue ligeramente inferior a las WKY y el tratamiento con captopril produjo un incremento en la intensidad de la reaccion DBH en el grupo hipertenso con respecto al grupo hipertenso no tratado. Podriamos concluir que la sobre-expresion de la ChA y la alteraciones en las diferentes enzimas que participan en la biosintesis de la catecolaminas en la medula suprarrenal es una caracteristica de la hipertension espontanea, hecho, que podria ser modificado por en tratamiento con captopril. EnglishWe have investigated the alteration of catecholamines biosynthetic enzymes and chromogranin A (ChA) expression in the adrenal medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and its variation with the captopril treatment. We have used adrenal glands from male rats divided into four groups: a control (WKY), a WKY group treated with captopril (WKY-T), a hypertensive group (SHR) and a hypertensive treated (SHR-T) groups. Rats were sacrificed at 8, 10 and 15 weeks of age. Antibody against the tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), Phenyl-ethanolamine N-methyl-transferase (PNMT) and chromogranin A (ChA) were used for the western blot and immunocytochemical study. In the adrenal gland, the ChA and TH were increased in the SHR groups, but captopril treatment produced an increase in both control and hypertensive groups. While dopamine beta-hydroxylase and PNMT activity, in SHR, was slightly lower to those WKY and the captopril treatment produced an increase in the intensity of the DBH reaction in hypertensive group with respect to the untreated hypertensive group. We could conclude that over-expression of ChA and the alteration found in the different enzymes of catecholamines biosynthesis in the adrenal medulla is a feature of spontaneously hypertension, a fact, which could be modified by captopril treatment.

Captopril

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Papel de la proteína DLK1/Pref-1 en los diferentes sistemas celulares

Majorensis: Revista Electrónica de Ciencia y Tecnología (2016)

Ricardo A. Puertas Avendaño Luis García Hernández Abad Ibrahim González Marrero Ana Canerina Luis Amaro Raquel Marín Cruzado

espanolEl ligando no canonico (no clasico) de la ruta de senalizacion Notch, Delta like-1 (DLK1) se expresa durante todo el desarrollo fetal y se limita a pocos organos y/o tejidos en la edad adulta. Actualmente, DLK1 es el ligando no clasico de Notch mejor estudiado, e in vitro actua inhibiendo Notch, pero in vivo, su accion es poco clara. Niveles de expresion de Dlk1 determinan el curso de la diferenciacion y la proliferacion celular, y en tejidos como la glandula hipofisaria su expresion es necesaria para el mantenimiento de la poblacion de celulas somatotropas (GH) y la homeostasis de los diferentes ejes adenohipofisarios. Alteraciones en la ruta Delta-Notch han sido asociadas a diversos procesos fisiopatologicos tales como; Prolactinomas, carcinoma hepatico, y cancer gastrico, entre otras. Los estudios analizados en esta revision muestran tres aspectos a resaltar. Primero, que los mecanismos de senalizacion y/o regulacion Delta-Notch son cruciales en el control de la proliferacion celular y el mantenimiento indiferenciado de celulas madre. Segundo, que la impronta paterna de Dlk1 es clave para la compresion de procesos patologicos y tercero, que existe la necesidad de realizar mas estudios in vivo sobre la expresion de Dlk1, los cuales arrojarian mayor claridad en el papel de este gen. EnglishThe non-canonical (non-classical) ligand of the Notch signaling pathway, Delta like-1 (DLK1) is expressed throughout fetal development, and is limited to few organs or tissues in adulthood. Presently, DLK1 is the best studied non-classical ligand of Notch. In vitro, this gen acts inhibiting Notch whereas, in vivo, its action is unclear. The levels of DLK1 expression determine the course of cell differentiation and proliferation. In some tissues, such as the pituitary gland, DLK1 expression is required for the maintenance of the somatotropic (GH) cells population, and also for the homeostasis of the different adenohypophysial axes. Alterations in the Delta-Notch pathway have been associated with several pathophysiological processes such as, prolactinomas, hepatic carcinoma, and gastric cancer, among others. The studies discussed in this review tackle three important aspects of DLK1 regulation and function. First, that the mechanisms of signaling and/or regulation of Delta-Notch are crucial in the control of cell proliferation, and undifferentiated maintenance of stem cells. Secondly, that the paternal imprint of DLK1 is key to the compression of pathological processes and third, that there is a need for further in vivo studies on the expression of DLK1, in order to further clarify the role of this gene.

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Estrategias de transferencia génica en cerebro mediadas por vectores virales adenoasociados

Majorensis: Revista Electrónica de Ciencia y Tecnología (2009)

J Armas Ibrahim González Marrero Agustín Lorenzo Castañeyra Perdomo Emilia María Carmona Calero Antonio Alayón Fumero

The expression in the brain of exogenously administered genes has been proposed as an alternative therapy for a large variety of hereditary and acquired diseases of the SNC, and in particular for those whose available treatment does not offer complete recovery and can even have serious side effects. There has been much research into gene therapy recently, with significant progress having been made in the development of new techniques of not only viral but also non viral gene delivery in the SNC, and in the evaluation of its potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases. In the last ten years, viral gene transfer has progressed from merely being an application in animal research to becoming an experimental therapeutic technique in humans. Adeno-associated viral vectors have been one of the most widely used of the many different viral systems developed for this purpose. The degree of gene expression and its distribution in the brain are going to depend on the structure of the vector, on the promoters used, and on the site, volume and rate of injection. However, due to the difficulty which the gene medicines have in crossing the blood brain barrier, invasive administration routes are being used which produce a localized gene expression , despite the fact that many neurodegenerative disorders require transgene delivery to the whole of the SNC. This review looks at the different gene delivery techniques , via adeno-associated viral vectors, which are being developed with therapeutic aims for brain diseases.

Adeno-associated virus

Gene transfer

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Efectos cariométricos de la hipertensión y su tratamiento en el núcleo arcuato

Majorensis: Revista Electrónica de Ciencia y Tecnología (2007)

Carlos Raúl Monge Casafranca Agustín Ruiz Ibrahim González Marrero Emilia María Carmona Calero

La hipertension (HTA) es una elevacion cronica de las cifras de tension arterial por arriba de los limites considerados normales, segun los grupos de edad y sexo. En los ultimos anos se ha modificado la terapeutica de la HTA, ya que la mera reduccion de la presion arterial significo un importante descenso en la morbidmortalidad. El nucleo arcuato, se encuentra en el hipotalamo, en la region del tuber y se le considera como un centro integrador de funcisnes neuroendocrinas y media la liberacion de factores liberadores e inhibidores, ademas en el NA se encuentran los peptidos cerebrales que forman parte del sistema retina agiotensina y catecolaminas, que estan muy relacionados con la regulacion de la presion arterial. El proposito del presente trabajo es detectar cuantitativamente las alteraciones cartometricas del NA ante la hipertension y si estas de corrigen con el tratamiento con captopril. Para ello se usaron ratas macho divididas en cuatro grupos: control, control tratamiento, hipertensas e hipertensas tratamiento. Los animales se sacrificaron a las edades de 10 y 15 semanas. Al grupo tratado se le administro captopril en el agua de bebida. Las neuronas y el ependimo del NA se afectan de diferente forma, asi las variaciones neuronales estan mas relacionadas con la hipertension y ependimo presenta cambios mas relacionados con la edad. El tratamiento captopril produce variaciones cariometricas dispares, afectando mas a su region rostral

Captopril

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Uso de antihipertensivos en la prevención del deterioro cognitivo y demencias. Revisión

Majorensis: Revista Electrónica de Ciencia y Tecnología (2021)

María Morales Ruiz Ibrahim González Marrero Luis García Hernández Abad

Use of antihypertensives in the prevention of cognitive impairment and dementias High blood pressure is a public health problem that affects millions of people around the world. Controlling blood pressure numbers can be a major factor in preventing cardiovascular disease. Hypertension causes a series of alterations at a vascular level that are related to different types of dementia and even suffering from Alzheimer's disease. For this reason, antihypertensive treatment can be beneficial not only for controlling blood pressure, but also for preventing cognitive decline. This review aims to compile studies that relate high blood pressure to cognitive impairment and the possible benefit of some antihypertensive treatments against others.

Cognitive Decline

Vascular dementia

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