Use of Cry1Ac δ-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has revolutionized crop protection especially in cotton. Large quantities of Cry1Ac protein are needed for several basic studies. Heterologous expression in E. coli facilitates production of large quantities of recombinant Cry1Ac protein. However, earlier studies reported that E. coli expressed recombinant protein leads to large variations in LC50 values. Here we report a method of active Cry1Ac δ-endotoxin purification that is simple, robust and exhibits higher toxicity with consistent results in insect bioassays. In this protocol proteolysis separates completely folded Cry1Ac δ-endotoxin molecules (active toxin) from nonnative protein folding forms and other host proteins, followed by extraction of active Cry1Ac toxin by micro filtration. Insect bioassay of purified Cry1Ac toxin with Helicoverpa armigera showed 125 times enhanced toxicity (LC50 40 pg/cm2) as compared to the earlier reports (LC50 ng/cm2) 4.5 to 3500 ng/cm2. These results provide a new prospective in determination of baseline susceptibility, monitoring resistance development and utilization of its potential.
The noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) comprise a substantial segment of the human transcriptome and have emerged as key elements of cellular homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Dysregulation of these ncRNAs by alterations in the primary RNA motifs and/or aberrant expression levels is relevant in various diseases, especially cancer. The recent research advances indicate that ncRNAs regulate vital oncogenic processes, including hematopoietic cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis. The ever-expanding role of ncRNAs in cancer progression and metastasis has sparked interest as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in acute myeloid leukemia. Moreover, advances in antisense oligonucleotide technologies and pharmacologic discoveries of small molecule inhibitors in targeting RNA structures and RNA-protein complexes have opened newer avenues that may help develop the next generation anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, we have discussed the role of ncRNA in acute myeloid leukemia and their utility as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Previous studies have demonstrated that cancer cells harbor unique metabolic characteristics relative to healthy counterparts. The current study is a prospective ex-vivo HR-MAS NMR analysis of malignant colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue specimens and its corresponding benign tissues. To assess the HR-MAS Spectroscope qualitatively & to analyze significant difference between the normal, benign and malignant intestinal mucosa. Between November 2013and January 2016, 36 consecutive patients with confirmed CRC were recruited to a prospective observational study. Fresh tissue samples were obtained from center of tumor and 5 cm from tumor margin from surgical resection specimens. Samples were run in duplicate where tissue volume permitted to compensate for anticipated sample heterogeneity. Typically, the sample was packed into a 4 mm ZrO2 rotor of 50 μl capacity; a volume of 20μl of D2O having 0.03% TSP was used as a chemical shift reference. The sample-rotor-setup was then transferred into the HR-MAS NMR probe for analysis. A total of 36 spectra were acquired (center of tumor, n = 18; 5 cm from tumor margin, n = 18). The malignant clustering occurs due to increased Val (0.90ppm), Lac (1.34ppm), Ala(1.48ppm) levels of acetate (1.90ppm), glutamate (2.35ppm), taurine (3.23 ppm), choline containing compounds (3.20-3.22ppm), glycine (3.56ppm), lactate (4.12ppm) and α-H of Leu, Ileu, Val, Lys, Ala (3.76-3.79ppm . In addition unique metabolic profiles were observed for tumors of differing T-stage. The information gathered from clustering in PCA had highly suggested that malignancy induces metabolic perturbations at cellular levels. HR-MAS NMR profiling demonstrates cancer-specific metabolic signatures in CRC and reveals metabolic differences between benign and malignant tumors. In addition, this approach reveals that tumor metabolism undergoes modification during local tumor advancement, offering potential in future staging and therapeutic approaches.
Objective: The objective of the study was to study the epidemiological and clinical profile of COVID-positive children without pre-existing comorbidities at a dedicated COVID care hospital in the eastern state of Jharkhand. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a COVID hospital of the eastern state of Jharkhand on children up to 18 years of age admitted between May 2020 and October 2020. The case files of all children, with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) report for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, were reviewed, and among them, all children without comorbidities were enrolled and studied. Relevant demographic details, clinical presentation, examination findings, investigations, and treatment received, were collected. Results: Out of 70 children enrolled in the study, 41 were male with a sex ratio of 1.4:1 and a median age (interquartile range) of 14 (8–16.5) years. About 94.2% of children had a history of contact with a positive member from their own family. About 14.2% had a history of travel to an endemic zone. About 34.2% of children were completely asymptomatic and in rest of the children, cough (23.8%) followed by fever (20.0%) was the most predominant complaint. Most of the symptomatic children had mild disease (62.8%). There was no mortality and all children were successfully discharged. The mean duration of disease (based on RTPCR status) was significantly lower in children up to 12 years of age in comparison to those older than 12 years. Conclusion: Family transmission is the major source of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Children can also serve as potential source of spread of infection in community. Age was the most important determinant of early recovery in pediatric population without comorbidities.
Abstract Background Drug delivery system is a common practice in cancer treatment. RNA interference‐mediated post‐transcriptional gene silencing holds promise as an approach to knockdown in the expression of target genes responsible for cancer cell growth and metastasis. RNA interference (RNAi) can be achieved by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to target cells. Since neither interfering RNAs can be delivered in naked form due to poor stability, an efficient delivery system is required that protects, guides, and delivers the siRNA and shRNA to target cells as part of cancer therapy (chemotherapy). Recent findings In this review, a discussion is presented about the different types of drug delivery system used to deliver siRNA and shRNA, together with an overview of the potential benefits associated with this sophisticated biomolecular therapy. Improved understanding of the different approaches used in nanoparticle (NP) fabrication, along with an enhanced appreciation of the biochemical properties of siRNA/shRNA, will assist in developing improved drug delivery strategies in basic and clinical research. Conclusion These novel delivery techniques are able to solve the problems that form an inevitable part of delivering genes in more efficient manner and as part of more effective treatment protocols. The present review concludes that the nanoparticulate RNA delivery system has great possibility for cancer treatment along with several other proposed methods. Several NPs or nanocarriers are already in use, but the methods proposed here could fulfill the missing gap in cancer research. It is the future technology, which unravels the mystery of resolving genomic diseases that is, especially genomic instability and its signaling cascades.
Renal failure (RF) in canine is mainly identified as progressive and irreversible loss of functioning nephrons and thus kidney, may lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. To understand such changes, an experiment was conducted in Department of Veterinary Medicine targeting the incidence and ultrasonographic findings. A total of 2480 canine patients were screened, apparently showing symptoms of renal failure, during the study period from November 2015 to April 2016 at teaching veterinary clinical complex, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna. Level of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were applied for preliminary screening and ultrasonographic changes in kidney in renal failure were appreciated. Out of 2480 patients selected for assessment of renal failure, 42 animals(1.69%) were found to be suffered from both acute and chronic renal failure.Retrospective study on canine cases presented in the year 2014 and 2015 suggest the incidence of renal problem as 1.19% and 2.39% in the year 2014 and 2015, respectively. On the basis of biochemical (serum creatinine and BUN) and clinical study, the suspected and confirmatory percentage of renal problem in canine in year 2014, 2015 and 2016 were (56.17% & 27.65%) (62.37% &30.06%) and (60.91% & 24.27%) respectively. The average age for renal failure (both sexes) were found to be 7.95 years. Significant ultrasonoraphic findings were hydronephrosis (8.33%), hyperechoic cortex (33.3%), oval and small sized kidney (25%), loss of cortico-medullary junction (58.33%), renomegaly (12.5%) and renal calculi (4.16%).
'%3e%3ccircle r='20' fill='%23008'/%3e%3ccircle r='17.5' fill='%23fff'/%3e%3ccircle r='3.5' fill='%23008'/%3e%3cg id='d'%3e%3cg id='c'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cg id='a' fill='%23008'%3e%3ccircle r='.875' transform='rotate(7.5 -8.75 133.5)'/%3e%3cpath d='M0 17.5.6 7 0 2l-.6 5L0 17.5z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(15)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b' transform='rotate(30)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23c' transform='rotate(60)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(120)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23d' transform='rotate(-120)'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)