The International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group (IPMSSG) put forward the 2007 version of the diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis and other immune-mediated demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children in 2007 ("2007 version" for short). In 2012, IPMSSG proposed the new diagnostic criteria with reference to the latest research achievements of 150 members ("2012 version" for short). The 2012 version of the consensus statements covers the diagnostic criteria for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, clinically isolated syndrome, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis in children. As the two IPMSSG members in China, the authors give an interpretation of the 2012 version of the consensus statements with reference to related literature and clinical and scientific experience. The authors focus on how the 2012 version comprehensively and thoroughly elaborates on the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, influencing factors, and new ideas of acute demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children. These become more operable in clinical diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis and other immune-mediated demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children.
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is involved in protection against extracellular bacteria. However, IL-17 is likely to be deleterious to a host with chronic pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. The role of IL-17 during acute pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the role that IL-17 plays in acute pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection and the source of the interleukin. The production of IL-17 increased rapidly after acute pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice. We subsequently examined the role of IL-17 in acute infection and found 100 times more bacteria in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice treated with an IL-17-neutralizing antibody compared with the IgG(2a) -treated mice after 16 h of infection. The main infiltrating cells in the anti-IL-17-treated mice were lymphocytes rather than neutrophils. Consistently, more tissue damage and pathological changes in the lung were observed in the anti-IL-17-treated mice. We also found that Th17 cells are one of the sources of IL-17. We conclude that the early production of IL-17 plays a protective role during acute pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in mice and that Th17 cells are one of the sources of IL-17 during acute pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection. Altogether, IL-17 and Th17 cells contribute to the pathogenesis of acute pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection in vivo.
Background The risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is partially genetically determined as well as environmental. Many published candidate gene studies had conflicting results due to different races and sample sizes.
Objectives To investigate candidate genes and haplotype in susceptibility to COPD in a southern Chinese Han population.
Methods We performed genotyping of DNA samples in 200 COPD patients and 250 control subjects according to 54 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 23 genes associated with development of COPD and/or pulmonary function identified by GWAS. We also made linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis according the results of genotyping.
Results The frequencies of the SNP(rs3749893 of testis specific protein Y encoded like 4 (TSPYL-4) gene) G allele and SNP (rs1052443 of 5'-nucleotidase domain containing 1 (NT5DC1) gene) A allele were significantly higher in cases than in controls (p=0.032, p<0.05,OR=0.692, 95%CI=0.495-0.970; P=0.0205, p<0.05, OR=0.670, 95%CI=0.477-0.941, respectively). There were two blocks of SNPs (rs1052443 and rs3749893; rs11155242 and rs6937121) that had sufficient precision to warrant construction of a haplotype block. We constructed the TSPYL-4 and NT5DC1 haplotypes of cases and controls, but with no significantly difference between the two groups. rs3749893 A allele of TSPYL-4 and rs1052443 C allele of NT5DC1 were associated with a protective effect from the deterioration of pulmonary function.
Conclusion TSPYL-4, NT5DC1 genes polymorphism are associated with susceptibility to COPD and pulmonary function in a southern Chinese Han population.
Background Several obstacles can hinder breast cancer screening. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward ultrasound screening for breast cancer in women. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited women who visited the breast specialist clinic of Zhongshan City People’s Hospital (a tertiary hospital) between August 2022 and April 2023 through convenience sampling. KAP scores ≥70% were considered adequate. Results This study enrolled 501 participants. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice levels were 8.56 ± 1.81/12 (possible range 0–12, 71.33%), 29.80 ± 2.71 (possible range 8–40, 74.50%), and 32.04 ± 3.09 (possible range 8–40, 80.10%). Senior high school education (vs. junior high school and below, coefficient = 1.531, 95%CI: 1.013–2.312, p = 0.044), bachelor’s education and above (vs. junior high school and below, coefficient = 5.315, 95%CI: 3.546–7.966, p < 0.001), housewife or unemployed (vs. employed, coefficient = 0.671, 95%CI: 0.466–0.966, p = 0.032), and a history of breast ultrasound (vs. no, coefficient = 1.466, 95%CI: 1.121–1.917, p = 0.005) were independently and positively associated with knowledge. Knowledge (coefficient = 1.303, 95%CI: 1.100–1.544, p = 0.002) and monthly income >10,000 (vs. <5,000, coefficient = 4.364, 95%CI: 1.738–10.956, p = 0.002) were independently and positively associated with attitude. Only attitude (coefficient = 1.212, 95%CI: 1.096–1.340, p < 0.001) was independently and positively associated with the practice. A structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was used to estimate causality among KAP dimensions, showing that knowledge directly influenced attitude ( β = −1.090, p = 0.015), knowledge did not directly influence practice ( β = −0.117, p = 0.681) but had an indirect influence ( β = 0.826, p = 0.028), and attitude directly influenced practice ( β = −0.757, p = 0.016). Conclusion Women in Zhongshan City had good knowledge, favorable attitudes, and active practice toward breast ultrasound screening for breast cancer. Women’s characteristics associated with a poorer KAP were identified, allowing for more targeted interventions.
The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) plays a key role in immunity against mycobacterial and viral infections. Here, we characterize three human STAT1 germline alleles from otherwise healthy patients with mycobacterial disease. The previously reported L706S, like the novel Q463H and E320Q alleles, are intrinsically deleterious for both interferon gamma (IFNG)-induced gamma-activating factor-mediated immunity and interferon alpha (IFNA)-induced interferon-stimulated genes factor 3-mediated immunity, as shown in STAT1-deficient cells transfected with the corresponding alleles. Their phenotypic effects are however mediated by different molecular mechanisms, L706S affecting STAT1 phosphorylation and Q463H and E320Q affecting STAT1 DNA-binding activity. Heterozygous patients display specifically impaired IFNG-induced gamma-activating factor-mediated immunity, resulting in susceptibility to mycobacteria. Indeed, IFNA-induced interferon-stimulated genes factor 3-mediated immunity is not affected, and these patients are not particularly susceptible to viral disease, unlike patients homozygous for other, equally deleterious STAT1 mutations recessive for both phenotypes. The three STAT1 alleles are therefore dominant for IFNG-mediated antimycobacterial immunity but recessive for IFNA-mediated antiviral immunity at the cellular and clinical levels. These STAT1 alleles define two forms of dominant STAT1 deficiency, depending on whether the mutations impair STAT1 phosphorylation or DNA binding.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between leptin and cytokines in depressed patients. Methods: Thirty-three unmedicated patients (24 female, nine male) with depressive disorder and 23 healthy controls (16 female, seven male) were assessed for serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and leptin. Results: Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in depressed patients were higher than in normal controls. There were significantly lower leptin levels in depressed patients than in normal controls. There were also significant differences in the leptin levels, being higher in female than in male patients, and in female than in male controls. Conclusions: IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines and leptin are important in the psychoimmunology of depressed patients. There were gender differences in leptin levels in depression.
Objective
To investigate the utilization of ultrasound monitoring the renal blood flow during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
Methods
Twentry one cases , who received vein-artery ECMO for heart failure, were examinated by bed-side ultrasound before the ECMO initiated, right after the ECMO initiated, each day after the ECMO initiated, and right after the ECMO weaned. The renal interlobar artery peak velocity (Vmax) was measured, and the renal interlobar artery resistant index (RI) was calculated, as well as the values of the serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were recorded. All the data were compared.
Results
Compared to the variables right after the ECMO initiated, the Vmax increased (P<0.05) two days after ECMO initiated and right after the ECMO weaned, while RI (P<0.05), SCr (P<0.05) and BUN (P<0.05) decreased, there being significant differences (P<0.05).
Conclusions
While treating patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, the ultrasound can monitoring the renal blood flow effectively, and provide important parameters for the clinical doctors as the basis of the diagnosis and treatment.
Key words:
Ultrasonography; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Renal circulation
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