Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with overexpression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1). We aimed to investigate the roles of hepatic RALDH1 induction in glucose metabolism impairment using mice fed with high-fat-diet (HFD). Mice were fed with HFD for 8 weeks and treated with RALDH inhibitor citral for another 4 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), pyruvate tolerance test (PTT) and insulin tolerance test were performed. Expressions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), glucokinase (GCK) and RALDH1 were measured. Therapeutic effects of citral were also documented in diabetic rats. Effects of retinaldehyde on PCK1 and GCK expressions were examined in rat primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. The results showed that HFD mice were characterized by hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance, accompanied by significantly increased RALDH1 activity and expression. Citral (10 and 50 mg/kg) ameliorated HFD-induced hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance, as demonstrated by the improved fasting glucose, insulin levels and lipid profiles. OGTT and PTT demonstrated that citral reversed HFD-induced glucose disposal impairment and glucose production enhancement. Citral also reversed the increased PCK1 expression and decreased GCK expression by HFD. Citral therapeutic effects were reconfirmed in diabetic rats. In vitro data indicated that retinaldehyde had the strongest PCK1 induction in primary hepatocytes of diabetic rats compared with HFD rats and control rats, in line with the increased RALDH1 expression. Citral reversed the retinaldehyde-induced PCK1 expression in primary rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, RALDH1 induction impaired glucose metabolism partly via modulating PCK1 and GCK expressions. Citral improved glucose metabolism through inhibiting RALDH activity.
Background. This study investigated an association between systemic absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and albuminuria in elderly Chinese people. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2265 participants attending a routine medical examination in Minhang District as part of a Platform of Chronic Disease program. Their drug history, waist circumference, height, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, ANC, and urine albumin levels were recorded. This study conformed to the requirements of the STROBE statement. Results. Of the 2265 subjects, 1254 (55.4%) were diabetic and 641 (28.3%) had albuminuria. The mean ANC of patients with diabetes comorbid with macroalbuminuria was significantly higher than that of both the nondiabetic patients and patients with diabetes with lower levels of albuminuria; the latter 2 groups had statistically similar ANC. ANC significantly and positively correlated with levels of urine albumin. Based on multivariate analysis, with each 10 9 /L increase in ANC, the increase in rates of macroalbuminuria was significant but not in rates of albuminuria positivity. Based on areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve, ANC was the strongest factor predicting macroalbuminuria. Conclusions. Elevated ANC was associated with macroalbuminuria in diabetes, indicating that neutrophil-mediated inflammation may be involved in the exacerbation of albuminuria.
Objective: To explore the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb) level during the first trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A total of 1 276 participants, who underwent scheduled prenatal examination and normal singleton delivery at the Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Hospital of Intergrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Minhang District, from January 2016 to May 2018 were included. There were 99 cases of GDM (GDM group) and 1 177 cases of normal (control group) pregnant women.Based on the serum Hb level during the first trimester of pregnancy, participants were divided into three groups, 236 cases of low Hb level group (Hb<110 g/L), 868 cases of normal Hb level group (110 g/L≤Hb<130 g/L), and 172 cases of high Hb level group (Hb≥130 g/L). Maternal clinical data were collected, including Hb level during the first trimester of pregnancy, three-point blood glucose (BG) of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and fasting insulin during the second trimester of pregnancy. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment of pancreatic β cell function index (HOMA-β) were used to evaluate insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function. Results: (1) Hb level during the first trimester of pregnancy in GDM group was significantly higher than that in control group [(123±10),(119±11) g/L, P<0.05]. There were no significant difference in gravidity, parity, index of liver and renal function (all P>0.05). (2) Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), 1-hour BG and 2-hour BG of OGTT were significantly increased in the high Hb level group during the first trimester of pregnancy, which were (23±4) kg/m(2), (7.3±2.0) mmol/L, and (6.5±1.4) mmol/L (P<0.05), respectively. The pre-pregnancy BMI, 1-hour BG and 2-hour BG of the normal or low Hb level group were (22±3) kg/m(2), (6.7±1.6) mmol/L, (6.1±1.2) mmol/L; (22±3) kg/m(2), (6.5±1.5) mmol/L, (5.9±1.1) mmol/L, respectively. There were no statistically significant difference in levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β within 3 groups (all P>0.05). (3) In the high Hb level group, prevalence of pregnancy overweight or obesity and GDM were the highest, which were 37.2%(64/172) and 15.1%(26/172), respectively; the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). (4) The serum Hb level in the first trimester was positively related with pre-pregnancy BMI (r=0.130, P<0.05), 1-hour BG (r=0.129, P<0.05), 2-hour BG (r=0.134, P<0.05), fasting insulin (r=0.096, P<0.05), and HOMA-IR (r=0.101, P<0.05).Logistic regression indicated that Hb≥130 g/L during the first trimester of pregnancy was an independent risk factor for GDM (OR=2.799, 95%CI: 1.186-6.604; P<0.05). Conclusion: The high level of Hb (Hb≥130 g/L) during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with GDM.目的： 探讨妊娠早期血红蛋白（Hb）水平与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）发生的关系。 方法： 收集2016年1月至2018年5月于上海市闵行区中西医结合医院和复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院进行规律产前检查的单胎孕妇共1 276例，其中GDM者99例（GDM组），正常孕妇1 177例（对照组）；再按照妊娠早期Hb水平，分为低Hb水平（即Hb<110 g/L）组236例，正常Hb水平（110 g/L≤Hb<130 g/L）组868例，高Hb水平（Hb≥130 g/L）组172例。记录所有孕妇的临床资料，包括妊娠早期血常规，妊娠中期口服葡萄糖耐量实验（OGTT）血糖水平、空腹胰岛素水平；采用稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）和稳态模型评估的胰岛β细胞功能指数（HOMA-β）评价孕妇的胰岛素抵抗及胰岛β细胞功能。 结果： （1）GDM组孕妇的妊娠早期Hb水平明显高于对照组[分别为（123±10）、（119±11）g/L；P<0.05]，两组孕妇的孕次、产次及妊娠早期肝肾功能、HOMA-β，分别比较，差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。（2）高Hb水平组、正常Hb水平组、低Hb水平组孕妇的妊娠前体质指数（BMI）[分别为（23±4）、（22±3）、（22±3）kg/m(2)]，OGTT的1 h[（7.3±2.0）、（6.7±1.6）、（6.5±1.5）mmol/L]和2 h血糖水平[（6.5±1.4）、（6.1±1.2）、（5.9±1.1）mmol/L]，分别比较，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）；而3组孕妇的空腹血糖水平、空腹胰岛素水平、HOMA-IR及HOMA-β分别比较，差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。高Hb水平组孕妇的妊娠前超重或肥胖者的比例（37.2%，64/172）及GDM的发生率（15.1%，26/172）均最高，3组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。（3）妊娠早期Hb水平与妊娠前BMI（r=0.130）、OGTT 1 h血糖水平（r=0.129）、2 h血糖水平（r=0.134）、空腹胰岛素水平（r=0.096）及HOMA-IR（r=0.101）均呈正相关（P均<0.05）。logistic回归分析显示，妊娠早期高Hb水平是发生GDM的独立风险因素（OR=2.799，95%CI为1.186~6.604；P<0.05）。 结论： 妊娠早期高Hb水平（Hb≥130 g/L）与GDM发生相关。.
The effect of transverse coupling in a photorefractive oscillator is studied, from which the condition for stable optical patterns of multimode oscillation is given analytically and verified by numerical simulation. Out of the stable condition, the period-doubling route to spatiotemporal chaos is observed.
With the development of Web2.0, very large scale resources of multimedia have emerged in the internet. In this paper, we present a novel framework of building a tour guide based on the online knowledge resources, e.g., e-Silkroad, a photographic guide of traditional Silkroad. The tour guide is jointly established by text information from Wikipedia and images from flickr website. Our method starts from a keyword silkroad in Wiki and typical cities are extracted and regarded as the key threads of the guide. Then a great number of images and their description tags are downloaded from Flickr website. To highlight the most interesting place and more active tourist, the framework computes the hot spots and photographers in the dataset. To introduce each place along the silkroad, all the images are classified into four categories by its content, including person, food, man-made, and sights. Finally, the images are registered into Google Maps according to the geog-tag descriptions along silk routes to generate e-Silkroad. In our evaluation experiment, 20676 images were downloaded from 35 key cities along silkroad. Experimental results show that it is effective from social media to cultural tourism under the connected environment.
Berberine (BBR) has been reported in several studies in cell and animal models. However, the mechanism of actions is not fully understood. The present study was therefore aimed to explore the effects of berberine on insulin sensitivity and kidney damage in a high fat diet rat model. Impaired glucose tolerance rats induced by injection of berberine while fed with high fat laboratory chow. After rats were treated for 4 weeks, OGTT and IPITT were determined. Mass and PAS were used to study the kidney tissue. ELISA was used to detect the protein concentration of CRP and TNF-α. Western blot was used to detect the proteins adiponectin, adipoR1, adipoR2 and p-AMPK expression level. These encouraging findings suggest that berberine has excellent pharmacological potential to prevent kidney damage.
A total of 2 929 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT),448 impaired glucose tolerance (IGT),and 1 143 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a community were enrolled in this study.Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was applied to evaluate the status of insulin resistance and β-cell function.Furthermore,insulin sensitive check index (QUICK) and deposition index (DI) were caculated.The subjects with NGT were assigned into 4 subgroups and 10 subgroups according to quartiles and deciles of fasting blood glucose (FBG).The results showed that the levels of fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistant index (HOMA-IR) were elevated while homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-β) were decreased with the increase of FBG level in NGT group.The ratio of HOMA-IR≥2.15 was increased step by step in4 NGT subgroups,IGT group,and T2DM group,being higher in obesity group,hypertension group,and hypertriglyceridemia group compared with normal subjects.On the contrary,the ratio of HOMA-β ＜41.79 was gradually increased in 4 NGT subgroups,IGT group,and T2DM group,being higher groups with normal body weight,normal blood pressure,and normal triglyceridemia compared with corresponding abnormal groups.Logistic regression analysis showed that deposition index and age were the independent risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in old subjects.
Key words:
Old people; Insulin resistance; β-cell function; Normal glucose tolerance
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