Abstract The present study is the first report on poultry feathers as a novel, inexpensive substrate for the production of a thermo‐ and detergent stable keratinase from a marine actinobacterium belonging to the genus Actinoalloteichus . Medium composition and culture conditions for the keratinase production by Actinoalloteichus sp. MA‐32 were optimized using two statistical methods: Plackett–Burman design was applied to find the key ingredients and conditions for the best yield of enzyme production and central composite design used to optimize the concentration of the five significant variables: whole chicken feather, soy flour, MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, KH 2 PO 4 and NaCl. The medium optimization resulted in a 19.30‐fold increase with a 31.99 % yield with a specific activity of 3842.57 U mg −1 and the molecular weight was estimated as 66 kDa. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 8–10 and temperature 50–60 °C and it was most stable up to pH 12 and 10–14 % of NaCl concentration. The enzyme activity was reduced when treated with Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ , Tween‐80, 1,10‐phenanthroline and EDTA and stimulated by Fe 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ , SDS, ethoxylated (9.5EO) octylphenol, DMSO, sodium sulfite and β ‐mercaptoethanol. The keratinase exhibited a significant stability and compatibility with most of the tested commercial laundry detergents, demonstrating its feasibility for inclusion in laundry detergent formulation. These results suggest that this extracellular keratinase may be a useful alternative and eco‐friendly route for handling the abundant amount of waste feathers or for applications in detergent formulation and other industrial processes.

Keratinase

Plackett–Burman design

Central composite design

Laundry

10.1007/s11743-013-1519-4

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Polymer Functionalized Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Mediated Drug Delivery of Gliotoxin in Cancer Cells

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology (2013)

Ira Bhatnagar Jayachandran Venkatesan Se‐Kwon Kim

During recent years, significant development has been achieved in carbon nanotube conjugated with polymer system for drug delivery system (DDS). In the present study, we have prepared functionalized single walled carbon nanotube conjugated with chitooligosaccharide (f-SWNT-COS) as a Drug Delivery System. In addition, drug Gliotoxin (GTX) and targeting molecules (Lysozyme, p53 and Folic acid) have been incorporated into f-SWNT-COS. f-SWNTs-COS-GTX-p53, f-SWNTs-COS-GTX-lysozyme, f-SWNTs-COS-GTX-FA have been physiochemically characterized for DDS. FT-IR, SEM and TEM analysis confirmed the formation of chemical interaction and polymer coating. FT-IR result clearly confirmed the interaction between f-SWNT and COS. The effective drug release was monitored against cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and Breast Cancer (MCF-7) cells and it was found that all the three drug delivery systems showed significant cytotoxicity. f-SWNTs-COS-GTX-p53 delivery vehicle and its effective cytotoxicity on HeLa cells was further checked with fluorescent activated cell sorter analysis. Our results suggest that the f-SWNTs-COS-GTX-p53 is the most effective delivery vehicle with a controlled release and enhanced cytotoxicity rendered through apoptosis in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. These systems can further be used for the delivery of other commercially available anti cancer drugs as well.

HeLa

Gliotoxin

10.1166/jbn.2014.1677

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Citations (33)

Apoptotic activity of aminoderivatized chitooligosaccharides in AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells

キチン・キトサン研究 = Chitin and chitosan research (2010)

Karagozlu Mustafa Zafer Jung‐Ae Kim Fatih Karadeniz Jayachandran Venkatesan Chang-Suk Kong

Gastric adenocarcinoma

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