Inspired by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Qigong, we designed a new anti-G maneuver, the Q-G Maneuver, which has proved promising. This maneuver consists of volition mobilization, stepwise tensing of leg and abdominal muscles, and maintenance of a shallow thoracic respiration throughout. It was tested on 24 pilots on the ground and 3 pilots on a centrifuge. All pilots were monitored with heart level blood pressure, oximetry, ear lobe pulse, CO2 concentration in exhaled gas, EEG and ECG; in centrifuge runs, peripheral vision was also monitored. Blood pressure was maintained at 180-240 mm Hg for more than 30 s without fatigue. On the centrifuge, the pilots tolerated a G load 2.25-3.0 G higher than without the maneuver, without any visual disturbance. Oximetry readings were 96-97%, and there was no evidence of hyperventilation. The ear lobe pulse was even enhanced during G load with the maneuver. Follow-up visits to 18 out of 24 pilots with 455 inflight applications of the maneuver showed that the maneuver is feasible and can be used effectively during high-G load.
On the basis of common bile duct pressure measurement (CBDP) in 18 patients of severe acute cholangitis, plasma endotoxin (ET) was determined by modified synthetic chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate assay and plasma fibronectin (FN) was detected with Laurell's rocket immunoelectrophoresis. CBDP was 2.23 +/- 0.49 KPa in patient group. There was striking positive correlation between ET and CBDP. Preoperative ET was 202.73 +/- 88.57 ng/L in patient group which was much higher than 15.47 +/- 7.38 ng/L in the control (P less than 0.001). Preoperative FN was 141.77 +/- 82.37 mg/L in the patient group which was lower than 317.21 +/- 12.57 mg/L in the control (p less than 0.001). Statistical differences could be noticed in postoperative ET and FN between the survivor and the dead. The study suggested that plasma ET levels are greatly influenced by pressure gradient of bile duct, dynamic observations of ET and FN levels are helpful to monitor disease course and predict prognosis.
To examined the effect of local mild hypothermia on the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats and clarified the mechanism of hypothermia on brain edema formation following ICH.Two hundreds and forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) group, in which autologous arterial blood were stereotaxically injected into right caudate nucleus; the local mild hypothermia (ICH + H) group, in which the rats were given 4 h local mild hypothermia after the injection of blood. Each group was divided into 6 subgroups: control, 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 5 d and 7 d after operation; Brain water content was determined by dry-wet weight method and the permeability of BBB was measured by Evans-Blue extravasation. RT-PCR and Western blot were respectively used to evaluate AQP-4 mRNA and protein expression.In ICH group, compared with control, ICH significantly increased BWC, the permeability of BBB and the expression of AQP-4 mRNA, all began at 6 h and peaked at 72 h (P < 0.01), the increased protein expression of AQP-4 began at 24 h and also peaked at 72 h (P < 0.01). AQP-4 expression positively correlated, both at the mRNA and the protein level, with the permeability of BBB (r = 0.78 and r = 0.76 respectively). In ICH + H group, compared with ICH group, the elevation of BWC, BBB permeability and AQP-4 protein expression were strongly attenuated at all time point by hypothermia treatment (P < 0.01), while AQP-4 mRNA levels demonstrated a modest attenuation from 48 h. At 72 h, AQP-4 mRNA optical density (A) decreased from 1.25 +/- 0.03 (ICH group) to 1.04 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.01), AQP-4 protein expression (A) decreased from 0.77 +/- 0.08 (ICH group) to 0.25 +/- 0.04 (P < 0.01).This study indicates that BBB breakdown can increase the expression of AQP-4; local mild hypothermia can significantly reduce brain edema formation after ICH by suppressing the elevation of AQP-4 protein expression; Inhibition of BBB breakdown and the elevation of AQP-4 protein expression with local mild hypothermia appear to contribute to brain protection in this model.
It was reported that the antinociceptive effect of morphine as determined bythe latency of the radiant heat induced tail flick response was antagonized by cholecy-stokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV). Inthe present study the effect of morphine on the electric activities of simultaneouslyrecorded pain-related neurons of nucleus parafascicularis in both sides of the ratbrain were studied after ICV injection of CCK-8. The results were as follows: (1) Intraperitoneal injection of morphine (10mg/kg) resulted in an inhibitionof the evoked response of the pain-excitation neurons (PEN) as well as an excitationof the evoked response of the pain-inhibition neurons (PIN). (2) Both the inhibitory effect of morphine on the electric discharges of PENand the excitatory effect of morphine on the electric activities of PIN were almosteliminated by the ICV administration of CCK-8 at a dose of 15 ng. No signifi-cant effect was observed when unsulfated CCK-8 was used instead of CCK-8. (3) In some of the animals, recordings were made from a PEN and a PINsimultaneously in each side of the nucleus parafascicularis. It was clearly shownthat administration of CCK-8 resulted in a reversal of the effect of morphine, ir-respective of the recorded neuron being PEN or PIN. The results are consistent with the conclusion obtained in the previous studyusing tail flick latency as the endpoint of nociception, i. e., CCK-8 is antagonisticto the antinociceptive effect of morphine.
From August to September, 1984 phlebotomine sandflies were collected with light-sticky traps by the authors in the following places viz., Weixin, Yanjian and Huize Counties, North-eastern Yunnan; Xiaguan, Baoshan, Shidian, Longling, Lùxi, Ruili, Yingjiang and Tengchong Counties, western Yunnan. A total of 9 species had been identified. Their systematical catalogue and zoogeographical distribution were given.
A series of experiments involving the Qigong (Q-G) maneuver were conducted after our preliminary studies in 1986. Eighteen active fighter pilots served as subjects. After mastery of the Q-G maneuver in 5-7 sessions of training, tests at +1 Gz further verified that the blood pressure raising effect of this maneuver has the characteristics of rapid rising, minimal fluctuation and being readily maintained. The 18 subjects then underwent centrifuge tests. The tolerance to Rapid Onset Rate (ROR) (1 G/s) G-load in a relaxed, unprotected condition was 3.82 G on average; performing the Q-G maneuver, the tolerance rose to 6.64 G, an improvement of 2.82 G. One to two days later, 5 subjects with anti-G suits on and performing the Q-G maneuver tolerated 7.80 G on average (ROR 1 G/s), a gain of 3.95 G. Another 9 subjects performing the Q-G maneuver endured high sustained G (HSG) (ROR 3 G/s) of 6.5 G for 74.4 s on average (max 96 s) and 3 subjects endured HSG of 7.0 G for 57 s on average (max 82 s). During centrifuge tests, recorded physiological values showed good tolerance of the subjects; the respiratory pattern was basically different from that of M-1 or L-1 maneuvers. In further testing the harmlessness of the Q-G maneuver, gas metabolism, ear lobe oximetry and 8-channel EEG were carried out on these subjects. All these indices plus close monitoring during centrifuge tests proved that the Q-G maneuver does not lead to hypoxia or hyperventilation. It has been shown that the Q-G maneuver is an innovative G-protective maneuver that is remarkably effective, theoretically interesting, reliable, and practical. Its mechanism warrants investigation.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of hypoxia during the prenatal period and its later repercussions on sexual behavior and the sex hormone secretion of male rats. METHODS Experimental animals were divided into three groups randomly: control group, which was kept at normal atmospheric pressure, and two stress groups exposed to a simulated altitude equivalent to 3000 m and 5000 m, respectively. Stress groups were exposed to hypoxic circumstance at their final week of gestation in animal decompression chamber. RESULTS Adulthood, males exposed to hypoxic stress during the prenatal period were able to mate with normal females, but these treated males exhibited decreased male sexual behavior. Decreased anogenital distances were observed in male offspring, and presented reductions of plasma testosterone levels, increase of plasma corticosterone levels, but no notable alteration in the organ index. CONCLUSION These results indicate that exposure to hypoxia in the later stages of pregnancy may have a long-term effect on the fertility and sexual behavior of male offspring.
The attention network is the structural basis of cognitive function. As one of the two known attention networks, the ventral attention network (VAN) has a significant impact on the cognitive impairment of patients with epilepsy. Nevertheless, changes in network homogeneity (NH) are rarely reported in the VAN of right temporal lobe epilepsy (rTLE) patients. Therefore, we explored the NH of the VAN in rTLE patients in this study.Seventy rTLE patients and 69 healthy controls were recruited. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which was the primary method of evaluation. The executive control reaction time (ECRT) was examined via the attentional network test. The Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI (DPARSF) was used to analyze NH. The independent component analysis (ICA) and correlation analysis were used in data analysis.Compared to the control group, patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy showed a lower NH in the right superior temporal gyrus, and a longer ECRT. However, abnormal NH values had no significant association with the clinical measurements.Patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy have abnormal NH values in the VAN, and the executive functions in rTLE patients are also altered. The altered NH values in VAN may help provide new insights into the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in rTLE.
During June to August, 1987, six species of phlebotomines were collected by aspirator from four localities in Beijing, Nanjiang and northwestern Sichuan Province. After morphological identification, five species viz., Phlebotomus chinensis, P. sichuanensis, Sergentomyia zhengjiani, S. khawi and S. squamirostris were studied starch gel electrophoresis in 10 enzymes for isoenzyme characterization. Among which four enzymes (MDH, PGM, PGI and alpha-GPD) showed varying degrees of differences. The characteristic enzyme locus of PGM can be used to identify P. sichuanensis (Sichuan strain) from P. chinensis (Sichuan and Beijing strains) two vectors of Chinese visceral leishmaniasis, the pharyngeal armatures and spermathecae of which are morphologically resemble in females. The locus of PGM for genotype AA is over 77% in P. chinensis compared with 8.3% in P. sichuanensis and genotype DD is 75% in P. sichuanensis compared with negative in P. chinensis. Distinct enzymatic differences were demonstrated between genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. The alleles of MDH-1 were 100 and 95 in genus Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia respectively, meanwhile in alpha-GPD the alleles were at 100 and 97 respectively except S. squamirostris. In PGI it showed polymorphic with two loci and more alleles in Phlebotomus and monomorphic with only one locus in Sergentomyia. The similar enzyme phenotype between morphologically distinct species, S. zhengjiani and S. khawi shown that the uncorrespondence between morphological and genetic characters in evolution is present in some cases of phlebotomine such as in other insects.
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