In recent years,it is of great theoretical and practical value to make a research on electrochemical biosensors.People are paying more and more attention to the preparation of biosensors based on nanomaterials,and the nano-technology has provided infinite imagination space for the development of electrochemical biosensors.Nanomaterials not only have the excellent physical,chemical and electrocatalytic properties,but also show the quantum size effect and surface effect,which can improve the electrochemical biosensors obviously to a new and high level.Therefore,the electrochemical biosensors based on nanomateirals show many excellent performances,such as smaller volume,faster speed,higher sensitivity and better stability,etc.According to their structures,the nanomaterials can be divided into three categories,e.g.zero-dimentional,one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanomaterials.In this article,the development and application of electrochemical biosensors based on following nanomaterials,zero-dimensional nanoparticles(such as metal nanoparticles,quantum dots,magnetic nanoparticles,etc.),one-dimensional nanomaterials(nanotubes,nanowires and nanorodes) and two-dimensional nanostructured thin films(like graphene) were reviewed.78 related references were cited in this review.
Quantum dot is a kind of nanometer sized fluorescent material which have been used extensively in chemistry,biological detection and medical research area owing to their unique and excellent fluorescence.Here,we discuss the recent developments of quantum dots in the area of quantitative detection for heavy metal ions and organic small molecules,drugs analysis and life analysis.
Boehmite with varied morphologies was successfully synthesized from aluminum ammonium sulfate hydrate and urea, as well as poly-glycol-2000 by hydrothermal method.The experimental results show that boehmite microspheres, microfibers and 3D hierarchical structured AlOOH can be fabricated only by adjusting hydrothermal temperature.SEM images indicate that boehmite decomposes into γ-Al 2 O 3 phase after heat-treatment through a topotactical process.TEM studies present that the mesopores are formed in γ-Al 2 O 3 particles.Based on these investigations, a temperature-dependent morphology formation mechanism is proposed.Besides, the as-synthesized alumina excited at 325 nm shows emission in the range of 380 nm to 500 nm, centered at 409 nm and 467 nm.
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