‘Sucui 1'is a new sand pear cultivar with early maturity which is derived from‘Huasu'× ‘Cuiguan'.The tree is half-spreading and easy to produce flower buds.It ripens in middle-July in Nanjing.The fruit shape is obovate with yellow greenish skin and no rust.Its average fruit mass is 260 g.The flesh is crisp,tender,richer juice,sweet,with 12.5% ~ 13.0% soluble solids content.The cultivar also has early bearing and high yield character.
In order to evaluate the potential of sticky coloured plates for monitoring and trapping insect pests and araneids in tea gardens,10 types of sticky coloured plates were field tested in both organic(in Shaoxing) and non-polluted(in Hangzhou) tea gardens in October 2008 when most of insects were abundant and active.And each colour repeated 10 times.The results showed that:(1) the numbers of orders,families and species trapped in Shaoxing tea garden were approximatively same as those in Hangzhou tea garden,with only a few of araneids.Over a 24 h period,10200 individuals of insects and araneids of 53 families belonging to 9 orders were trapped in the organic tea garden in Shaoxing,on the ten types of sticky coloured plates.21526 individual of insects and araneids of 63 families belonging to 10 orders were trapped in the non-polluted tea garden in Hangzhou over a 72 h trapping period.(2) The Homoptera was the most dominant group.On the pure white plates in the Shaoxing,the numbers of Homopteran species and individuals accounted for 15.2% and 34.1% of the total trapped species and individuals,respectively.Numbers of Homopteran species trapped on other 9 coloured plates were 21.2%-31.0% of their corresponding total numbers of species trapped,whereas the numbers of Homopteran individuals trapped accounted for 45.8%-75.4% of their total trapped individuals.In non-polluted tea garden in Hangzhou,the numbers of Homopteran species trapped by pure white,sea blue and sky blue plates were 20% of their corresponding total number of species trapped;the numbers of Homopteran individuals were less than 51% of their totals.The numbers of Homopteran species trapped by other 7 types of coloured plates were more than 22.7%,in which Homopteran individuals trapped by apple green and ink green plates accounted for 48.6% and 49.8% of their corresponding totals,while the Homopteran numbers of individuals trapped by peach red,jasmine yellow,stone yellow,bud green and orange sticky plates were 55.5%-78.1% of their total catches.In the Shaoxing tea garden,the total numbers of whiteflies,tea green leafhoppers and ricaniids on the jasmine yellow and bud green plates accounted for 67.7% and 50.1% of their total individuals trapped,respectively;in the Hangzhou tea garden,they were 70.7% and 59.2%,respectively.(3) Most of the trapped insects were pests.The pest to natural enemy ratio of individual numbers was 1.93 in organic tea garden in Shaoxing,and was 2.23 in the non-polluted tea garden in Hangzhou.(4) The numbers of species and individuals trapped on the different sticky coloured plates were significant different.Jasmine yellow and bud green plates trapped the highest numbers of species and individuals with a very low index of biodiversity H′,especially for leafhoppers,whiteflies,ricaniids and other Homopteran insects.Stone yellow and orange traps also showed high numbers of species and individuals(with low H′),the Homopteran insects in particular.Pure white plates captured decent numbers of species and individuals;however,its H′ was the highest,indicating relatively even number of individuals among the trapped species.The numbers of species and individuals captured on apple green,peach red,ink green or sea blue plates were low compared to the above mentioned coloured plates(with low H′),while sky blue was the least attractive colour.(5) Tachinidae preferred the blue over the other colours,while mymarids,braconid wasps and Chalcidoidea preferred the bud green.It is suggested that the jasmine yellow and bud green sticky plates,combined with pheromones,can be used to monitor and control the leafhopper and the whitefly in tea gardens.
Here, cytosine methylation in the whole genome of pear flower buds was mapped at a single-base resolution. There was 19.4% methylation across all sequenced C sites in the Pyrus pyrifolia cultivar ‘Sucui 1’ flower bud genome. Meantime, the CG, CHG, and CHH sequence contexts (where H = A, T or C) exhibited 47.4%, 33.3%, and 11.9% methylation, respectively. Methylation in different gene regions was revealed through combining methylome and transcriptome analysis, which presented various transcription trends. Genes with methylated promoters exhibited lower expression levels than genes with non-methylated promoters, while body-methylated genes displayed an obvious negative correlation with their transcription levels. The methylation profiles of auxin- and cytokinin-related genes were estimated. And some of them proved to be hypomethylated, with increased transcription levels, in wizened buds. More specifically, the expression of the genes PRXP73, CYP749A22, and CYP82A3 was upregulated as a result of methylation changes in their promoters. Finally, auxin and cytokinin concentrations were higher in wizened flower buds than in normal buds. The exogenous application of paclobutrazol (PP333) in the field influenced the DNA methylation status of some genes and changed their expression level, reducing the proportion of wizened flower buds in a concentration-dependent manner. Overall, our results demonstrated the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression in wizened flower buds of P. pyrifolia cultivar ‘Sucui 1’, which was associated with changes in auxin and cytokinin concentrations.
Catharanthus roseus root enrichment ability of Zn is stronger on exogenous zinc stress,so Zn damage to the root is larger. C. roseus root response to enrichment ability of zinc stress on the absorption of Zn with the concentration of Zn increased exhibit advanced in low concentration but controled in high concentration,Zn content of stem,leaves increased gradually with increasing Zn concentration,shows strong enrichment ability of C. roseus for Zn,and there is some potential hyperaccumulator. While the Zn transport ability is strong from mature tissue to young tissues. In the zinc stress based on adding exogenous ethylene,reducing the organization position of plant enrichment ability of Zn,reducing the zinc stress of C. roseus. To promote the Zn transport rate of mature tissue to young tissue,but inhibited Zn transport in C. roseus other tissue.
The pupa survivorship was influenced significantly by the time that the pupa was immersed in the water.The longer the time, the lower the pupa wurvivorship. The pupa survivorship. The early stage pupa were more sensitive to water.The relationship among the time of water immersion(T-W), pupa age (A-P) and pupa survivorship (S-P) was S-P=0.4165-0.00307 \%T-w\%+0.2290 A-P-0.00004496 T~2-W-0.0002528 A~2-P+0.00008258T-WA-P.Soil moisture could affect the emergence rate of the adults. The emergence rate kept higher at the relative soil moisture between 30%～80%.The extreme soil moisture reduced the emergence rate of adults. The relationship between the emergence rate of adult (E-A) and soil moisture content(W-S) was described as E-A=0.396+0.01985W-S-0.000181W~2-S.
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