Masao Tanaka

Osaka University

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Front & Back Matter

American Journal of Nephrology (2013)

Jacques Dantal Akihiro Tsuchimoto Kosuke Masutani Naoki Haruyama Masaharu Nagata

10.1159/000356473

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Citations (0)

The Effects of Transpiration Suppressants on the Nicotine Content in Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves

Japanese Journal of Crop Science (1967)

Masao Tanaka

The experiments conducted up to the present day revealed that spraying on the leaves of field-grown tobacco with a solution of transpiration suppressants resulted in the advancement of leaf quality and reduction of nicotine content. The nicotine content in the sprayed leaves is estimated 10-30% lower than that in the non-sprayed ones. Following experiments were con-ducted to find out the cause of the reduction of nicotine content. The leaves of tobacco grown on the field were primed at different 3 ripe stages : immature, mature and overmature stage : after upper and lower surfaces of a half of the leaves Were sprayed immediately after the topping with a solution of a transpiration suppressant. Comparison of nicotine content between the fresh and dry leaves of the non-sprayed and the sprayed leaves showed that the reduction of nicotine content chiefly occured after the leaves attained to mature stage. The reduction of nicotine content in the mature leaves could be detected not only in the sprayed leaves but also in the non-sprayed ones. It is a well known fact in Japan that mulberry leaves which have been stained by evaporated nicotine from the neighboring tobacco field often gives a poisonous influence on the silkworm. The next experiment indicated that, in the leaves which had been kept in N2, much loss of nicotine occurred during the incubation period or after drying of the leaves, whereas, in the other leaves treated with O2, only slight decrease could be detected. The author ascertained, in the other experiment, that the leaves which had been kept in CO2 exhibited higher free nicotine to total nicotine ratio than those which had been kept in the air. Free nicotine is known to be easily evaporated than compound ones. Thus it is probable that the production of free nicotine has an intimate connection with the O2 starvation, in the inner systems of the leaf and the reduction of the content with it's evaporation from the surface of fresh or drying leaves. The loss of nicotine from the non-sprayed leaves might presumably be caused by the O2 starvation due to stomata closure which customally observed after the leaves attained to mature stage. In the sprayed leaves, the surface of the mature leaves with closed stomata would bb covered with the film of the transpiration suppressant. As such a condition of the leaves will prevent the exchange of air efficiently, an advanced O2 starvation would be resulted. This, in turn, will work toward the production of the leaves with lower nicotine levels than those in the non-sprayed ones.

Topping

Curing of tobacco

10.1626/jcs.36.185

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Applying a Hybrid Query Translation Method to Japanese/English Cross-Language Patent Retrieval

arXiv (Cornell University) (2002)

Masatoshi Fukui Shigeto Higuchi Youichi Nakatani Masao Tanaka Atsushi Fujii

This paper applies an existing query translation method to cross-language patent retrieval. In our method, multiple dictionaries are used to derive all possible translations for an input query, and collocational statistics are used to resolve translation ambiguity. We used Japanese/English parallel patent abstracts to perform comparative experiments, where our method outperformed a simple dictionary-based query translation method, and achieved 76% of monolingual retrieval in terms of average precision.

Cross-language information retrieval

10.48550/arxiv.cs/0206034

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Citations (6)

Dynamics of a Materially Closed Model Ecosystem

Journal of Theoretical Biology (1994)

Masao Tanaka

Biotic component

10.1006/jtbi.1994.1093

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Genetic Case-Base for Conceptual Structural Design

Transactions of the Institute of Systems Control and Information Engineers (1995)

Masao Tanaka Toshio Hira

The case-based approach applied to the design problem may be promising alternative to the knowledge-based one, since it is free from the knowledge acquisition from human designers. However the generated design candidates are frequently restricted within the range of the past cases from the conventional case-based reasoning. In this article, we discuss an application of the genetic algorithm to establish the structural case-base and to generate design candidates. Each structure is represented as an individual and its fitness is evaluated in terms of the frequency in the past cases. The case-base population is formed through the genetic operations. The genetic operation is also applied to the case-base for the candidate generation. The similarity between the design specification and that in the case-base is used as the fitness at this stage. The candidates generated by the proposed operations reflect the past cases but are partially free from them. This gives diversity of the design candidates to be considered by human designer.

Base (topology)

Similarity (geometry)

10.5687/iscie.8.458

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Citations (3)

Detection and Identification of the Latent Microorganisms in the Altered Layers of Ancient Bronze Mirrors

MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS (2009)

Masaru Yokota Misako Tochihara Masao Tanaka N Iijima Yasuhiro Konishi

We obtained ancient bronze mirrors and carried out: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fractured altered layers; biologic microscopic observation of Gram-stained samples; and DNA analyses of samples removed from altered sites.Fine particles about 2 μm in length were confirmed in the altered layer by SEM. Microorganisms of identical size were observed in the Gram-stained sample removed from the altered layer through a biologic microscope. Fine particles observed under SEM were considered to be microorganisms. Many fine particles were confirmed, particularly in the altered sites, by SEM. Certain types of microorganisms may have played a part in the alteration (deterioration) of the ancient bronze mirrors while the latter were buried in soil.From the base sequences obtained by DGGE analysis, two types of microorganisms were present in the altered layer of the mirror. One was 94.7% homologous to the 16S rDNA of the uncultured bacterium (accession number: AY 053488). It was also highly homologous to the sequence derived from the 16S rDNA of the Xanthomonadaceae family (e.g., Stenotrophomonas, Xanthomona). That is, the sequence was derived from a strain belonging to the Xanthomonadaceae family. The other base sequence was 97.4% homologous to the 16S rDNA of the Bacteroidales order such as uncultured Bacteroidales bacterium (accession number: AY 859647). That is, the sequence was derived from a strain belonging to the Bacteroidales order.Genes of microorganisms, presumed to belong to the Acetobacter and Gluconacetobacter genera and the Fe(III)-reducing bacterium, Shewanella algae, were detected from base sequence analysis by cloning.Microbial activity around the mirrors was assumed to be high. The alteration containing corrosion mechanism of bronze mirrors appears complex, but several types of microbes that possibly altered the bronze mirrors were verified.

Stenotrophomonas

Strain (injury)

10.2320/matertrans.mra2008400

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Citations (4)

Sensory Evaluation of Past Design Cases and Design Candidates for Conceptual Structural Design

JSME international journal Ser C Dynamics control robotics design and manufacturing (1996)

Masao Tanaka Toshio Hira

At the conceptual stage of structural design, subjective decisions play an important role based on sensory and aesthetic evaluation of the design object, since they are hardly considered in the following stages in which objective technical decisions are dominant. Such subjective decision-making is vague and it is hard to acquire its reasoning as design knowledge through interviews of human designers. Past design cases are result from hidden reasoning processes and contain implicit design rationale of the human designer. A case-based approach can be used to deal with such a subjective process. In this article, we discuss a method to identify the relations between structural attributes and sensory evaluation from past design cases and to utilize them for design candidate generation. A design assistant system is considered for the conceptual design of a structural system by taking sensory design aspects as well as structural design aspects into account. The system is examined for the case of arched bridge design.

Conceptual design

Design process

Generative Design

Bridge (graph theory)

Environmental graphic design

Design brief

Design knowledge

10.1299/jsmec1993.39.645

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Citations (3)

Relationships between Changes in the Heading Date and Yield-related Traits of Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) in the Northern Area of Japan.

Japanese Journal of Crop Science (1994)

Kiyochika HOSHIKAWA Satoshi Nakamura Yusuke Goto Masao Tanaka Yuichi KABEYA

1991年にスイートソルガム14品種を用いて, 出穂期までの播種後日数(DAS-H)と収量及び収量に関与する諸形質との関係を調べた. さらにその中の8品種を1991年から3年間栽培し, 出穂期の年次変動, DAS-Hと収量との関係を解析した. 1991年の実験では, DAS-Hが多いほど, 茎乾物収量が多く, 品種間で直線的な関係が認められた. また, 収量に関与すると考えられる形質, つまり総葉数, 伸長節間数, 茎長, 茎直径についても同様な関係が認められた. 3年間の実験の結果, DAS-Hは, 品種によっては年ごとに大きく変動した. 例えばWrayの出穂期は, 1991年ではDAS-H88(8月31日, 1993年ではDAS-H125(10月5日)で, 播種後日数にして37日の差があった. これを出穂期までの積算温度(CAT-H)でみても同様で, 1991年と1993年とで585度日の差があった. また, 各品種をDAS-H順に並べると, その順位も年により変動し, 一部の品種では早生か晩生かを決定できないものもあった. すなわち, 1992年では中生品種と位置付けられるRio, Keller, Wrayは1991年では早生品種, 1993年では晩生品種に位置づけられる結果となった. 品種によって出穂期の年次変動が大きく, しかも収量及び収量関連形質の年次変動と異なるために, 3年間を通してみると, DAS-H (CAT-H)収量, または収量関連形質との相関は低かった. しかし, 年ごとのDAS-Hと収量または収量に関与する形質との間には, 高い正の相関が認められた.

Sorghum bicolor

Sweet sorghum

10.1626/jcs.63.610

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Citations (2)

Personalized Assistant for Conceptual Structural Design.

TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C (1998)

Toshio Hira Masao Tanaka

At the conceptual design stage, design process is not always logical because of the lack of design criterion, procedure and knowledge clearly established. This process is dependent on the individual designer with specific design experience. It is important to consider the designer-dependent subjective aspects, but a limited attention has been devoted to the computerization of design process including such aspects. In this article, we discuss an artificial design assistant for conceptual structural design, and its personalization to individual human designer. In this framework, the rule-based inference is used to generate and to evaluate the design candidates from multiple evaluation criteria to be considered by the human designer, and the genetic operations combined with the genetic case-base are used to suggest the candidate to the human designer with probabilistic fluctuation. The progress of the design process is managed by the human designer through the interaction with the artificial design assistant. Based on the response of the human designer to the suggestion from the artificial design assistant, the preference of the artificial design assistant is adjusted to meet that of the human designer from the multiple evaluation criteria of the design in terms of the parameters for the genetic operations. Proposed idea is implemented and examined for the conceptual design of skeletal bridge structure including the constructive layout, the structural topology and geometry. The case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the artificial design assistant with the personalization capability proposed in this study.

Conceptual design

Probabilistic design

Generative Design

Design process

Bridge (graph theory)

10.1299/kikaic.64.1618

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Optimal and robust shapes of a pipe conveying fluid.

TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C (1990)

Yasuyuki SEGUCHI Masao Tanaka Shinji Tanaka

A simple model of a pipe conveying fluid is studied in the context of a shape determination problem. The dynamics of such a pipe is a typical example of a non-conservative system. The equilibrium equations with boundary and initial conditions are transformed into the adjoint variational principle by using Lagrangian multiplier method. The stability is discussed in the critical velocity of flow, and then, the shape determination is formulated in order to maximize it. The gradient projection method is used to search the optimal solution. It is demonstrated through examples under several boundary conditions including cantilever that the proposed procedure is effective, and the obtained optimal shape is not necessarily robust with respect to a small fluctuation of the shape. A procedure is also proposed to improve the robustness of the optimal shape which is studied in the cantilever pipe.

Robustness

Shape Optimization

10.1299/kikaic.56.2615

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Citations (4)