Abstract The prevalence of dementia has increased in recent years, and sleep disorders are common among older adults. The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between sleep medication and cognitive function in older adults. Community-dwelling older adults were evaluated face-to-face for cognitive function and classified into normal, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia groups. Their history of sleep medication, including benzodiazepines (BZDs), Z-drugs (ZDs), and other medications, was also collected through personal interviews. Statistical analyses using trend analysis and binomial logistic regression analysis with two covariate models were performed to investigate the association between sleep medication and cognitive decline. A total of 869 participants were enrolled, and 12.5% of them were taking sleep medication. Trend analysis showed a significant association between BZD and/or ZD use and cognitive impairment (p = 0.003). Binary logistic regression analysis with multivariate adjustment showed that BZD and/or ZD users had 1.66 times higher odds ratio of cognitive decline compared with non-users (95% confidence interval: 1.07–2.56, p = 0.023). This study demonstrated that sleep medication is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults. The findings are important to advance cognitive healthcare management for older adults.
A neoplastic epithelial cell line was established from nude mice tumors grown after transplantation of surgical specimens from a human parotid gland adenocarcinoma. This cell line, which had ultrastructure similarities to salivary intercalated duct cells, was found by immunohistochemical techniques to contain amylase, but myosin was not detected. Ultrastructurally, cells of an intermediate type between intercalated ductal and myoepithelial cells were found in the transplanted tumors. Moreover, the expression of myosin in addition to the presence of amylase was detected in the tumors. These findings indicate that some transplanted tumor cells appear to be differentiating towards myoepithelial cells.
Low expression of p27Kip1 is associated with disease progression and an unfavorable outcome in several malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition, the p27Kip1 protein is thought to be degraded by the Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (Jab1). The purpose of this study was to examine whether Jab1 expression can be a useful prognostic factor in OSCC patients treated by 1 M Tegafur and 4 M uracil (UFT) in combination with radiation. Jab1 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in biopsy samples from 102 OSCC patients who were treated by UFT in combination with radiation. The associations of each expression with the clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival were also analyzed. A significant association was found between Jab1 expression and cervical lymph node metastasis (p=0.0004), stage of disease (p=0.0011), therapeutic effect (p=0.0133) and patient outcome (p=0.0095). The 5-year survival rates of Jab1 high- and low-expression tumors were 53.0% and 80.6%, respectively and this difference was significant (p=0.0053) by the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis revealed that reduced term survival was related to high levels of Jab1 expression (p=0.0082). These results suggest that Jab1 may be a useful prognostic factor in OSCC patients treated by UFT in combination with radiation.
The neoplastic cells present in a sialadenoma pappiliferum were found by immunoperoxidase method and immunofluorescent staining technique to co‐express 3 different types of intermediate‐sized filaments (IPs) defined by monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin, vimentin and desmin. When other salivary gland tumors such as 18 pleomorphic adenomas, 15 adenolymphomas, 2 oxyphilic adenomas, 7 mucoepidermoid tumors, 5 acinic cell tumors, 8 adenoid cystic carcinomas and 6 adenocarcinomas were examined immunohistochemically for the expression of IPs, no tumors with all 3 types of IPs observed in sialadenoma papilliferum were found.
Paget's bone disease (osteitis deformans) is characterised by abnormal resorption and apposition of osseous tissue in one or more bones.This disease is very rarely seen in Japan. We experienced a patient with Paget's bone disease, the outline of which we report here.A 70-year-old Japanese female visited our clinic with the chief complaint of expansion of maxilla. The upper alveolus showed bony outgrowth in both sides.Although radiographic features of skull and facial bones revealed typical mottled pattern or cotton wool appearance, the mandible was not affected.Histologic findings showed characteristic mosaic architecture of Paget's disease of bone.The patient was affected by low grade malignant lymphoma 8 months after visiting our clinic.The relationship between Paget's bone disease and malignant lymphoma in this patient remains to be proven
Retinoic acid has marked effects on the growth, morphological features, and biological markers of a neoplastic human salivary intercalated duct cell clone in culture, whereas the cell clone was not affected by other retinoids such as retinol and retinal. A cell clone with ultrastructure and biological markers specific to the intercalated duct cells of human salivary glands was cultivated in the presence of retinoic acid. Major alterations, such as expression of tonofilaments, Mr 68,000 cytokeratin, and involucrin, were observed in those cells with a phenotype similar to that of keratinizing squamous cells. In addition, the coexpression of Mr 68,000 cytokeratin and carcinoembryonic antigen in these altered cells was found. Both the anchorage-independent and anchorage-dependent growths were markedly suppressed in the presence of retinoic acid. After the removal of retinoic acid from the culture, the treated cells returned rapidly to the phenotype of the untreated cells. These findings indicate that reversible differentiation into the keratinizing squamous cells of a neoplastic human salivary intercalated duct cell clone occurs in growth medium containing retinoic acid.
