A synthetic peptide E474 SFAVATTAL, derived from the sequence of mouse mammary tumor virus envelope protein, was previously shown to bind class I MHC Kd. Immunization of BALB/c mice with E474 in 50% incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) followed by in vitro stimulation of immune cells with E474-coated antigen-presenting cells resulted in peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Furthermore, anti-E474 CTL lysed mammary tumor cell lines D2F2 and D2A1, derived from a spontaneous tumor that arose in BALB/c pre-neoplastic hyperplastic alveolar nodule (HAN) D2 line. Expression of Kd by D2A1 and D2F2 cells was verified by flow cytometry, and lysis of D2 tumor cells was blocked by monoclonal antibody 31-34-S, which interacted with the peptide-binding region of Kd, supporting the recognition of E474 in Kd by anti-E474 CTL. Immunization of BALB/c mice with E474 before D2F2 tumor challenge resulted in reduced tumor growth. Therefore, E474 is naturally processed and presented by these tumor cells and can induce anti-tumor immunity.
The water bed has ushered in a new era in prophylactic care for patients suffering from the sequelae of spinal cord injury and other debilitating diseases which have rendered the skin susceptible to decubitus ulceration. A commercially available water bed1 is described which has resulted from improvements to a prototype bed first used in the spinal injuries unit of Prince Henry Hospital in 1969 (Jones and Burniston, 1971).
The role of monitoring plasma levels of D-dimer (XDP) as a diagnostic aid for thromboembolic disease was investigated in 267 patients admitted for acute care to The Prince Henry Hospital Spinal Unit. Elevated plasma XDP levels were found in 103 patients (39%) and a diagnosis of thromboembolic disease was made in 33. Thromboembolic disease was not found in patients whose XDP levels remained normal.
The natural thermal storage features of the Brookhaven superinsulated house are analyzed and verified. These include the Trombe and sunspace passive-solar-collection walls and the superinsulated south-facing wall, denoted herein as the direct-gain wall. The thermal contributions of each system on the basis of the in-field empirical data are demonstrated. Several thermal characteristic factors, in relation to each design for the hourly and daily period, are assessed. Further, the interior temperature fluctuations and the reductions in the required auxiliary energy with regard to incorporated passive designs are evaluated.
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The carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of the aromatic amines are believed to depend on their covalent modification of DNA, primarily through the formation of adducts at C8 of guanine.The actual biologic and biochemical responses to these adducts can be envisioned as the consequence of the abilities of the cell to repair the lesions, with or without fidelity, and the introduction of errors through bypass of the adducts by polymerases.A key question is whether changes in DNA sequence arise through the participation of common repair processes that cause mutations independent of adduct structure.Alternatively, do mutations arise through miscoding during polymerase bypass at the site of the adducts and are, therefore, more likely to produce sequence changes that are more characteristic of adduct structure?This question has been approached using single, site- specific, or randomly introduced aromatic amine DNA adducts in bacterial cells, and in vitro studies with DNA polymerases that employ site-specifically modified templates.The results of both approaches demonstrate that these adducts are distinguished readily by virtue of their structures, thus supporting the conclusion that mutagenic effects of the aromatic amines arise from their structures rather than from their triggering a common inaccurate repair response.
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