PURPOSE: This study evaluated the adhesion of 10-MDP containing self-etch and self-adhesive resin cements to dentin with and without the use of etch-and-rinse technique.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human third molars (N=180) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=30 per group).Conventional (Panavia F2.0, Kuraray-PAN) and self-adhesive resin cements (Clearfil SA, Kuraray-CSA) were bonded to dentin surfaces either after application of 3-step etch-and-rinse (35% H3PO4 + ED Primer) or two-step self-etch adhesive resin (Clearfil SE Bond).Specimens were subjected to shear bond strength test using the universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min).The failure types were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and quality of hybrid layer was observed under a scanning electron microscope.The data (MPa) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α=.05).RESULTS: Overall, PAN adhesive cement showed significantly higher mean bond strength (12.5 ± 2.3 -14.1 ± 2.4 MPa) than CSA cement (9.3 ± 1.4 -13.9 ± 1.9 MPa) (P<.001).Adhesive failures were more frequent in CSA cement groups when used in conjunction with two-step self-adhesive (68%) or no adhesive at all (66%).Hybrid layer quality was inferior in CSA compared to PAN cement in all conditions.CONCLUSION: In clinical situations where bonding to dentin substrate is crucial, both conventional and self-adhesive resin cements based on 10-MDP can benefit from etch-and-rinse technique to achieve better quality of adhesion in the early clinical period.
A new phase of the COVID-19 pandemic has started as several SARS-CoV-2 variants are rapidly emerging globally, raising concerns for increased transmissibility. As animal models and traditional in vitro systems may fail to model key aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle, representative in vitro systems to assess variants phenotypically are urgently needed. We found that the British variant (clade B.1.1.7), compared to an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 clade B virus, produced higher levels of infectious virus late in infection and had a higher replicative fitness in human airway, alveolar and intestinal organoid models. Our findings unveil human organoids as powerful tools to phenotype viral variants and suggest extended shedding as a correlate of fitness for SARS-CoV-2.
One-Sentence Summary
British SARS-CoV-2 variant (clade B.1.1.7) infects organoids for extended time and has a higher fitness in vitro.
Objectives: Root resection and hemisection are multidisciplinary treatment methods that might be considered on mandibular molars with single root fractures before extraction.Case report: In this present case report, two mandibular first molars were treated with root resection and hemisection due to the vertical root fracture on one of the roots.Fractured roots were separated from the furcation area and extracted.Three months were waited for each case for the recovery of extraction sites.Both cases were planned as single crowns, one of the superstructure was metal-porcelain and the other was a zirconia crown.During the one year follow up period, no clinical or radiographic problem was found related to the root resection and hemisection method. Conclusion:Mandibular molar teeth with vertical root fracture, if the fracture is limited to one root only, can be successfully treated with root resection and hemisection methods and restored with a single crown prosthesis.These methods might be considered prior to extraction.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-based primer on the shear bond strengths of thermally aged self-adhesive and conventional adhesive resin cements and zinc phosphate cement to zirconia and lithium disilicate substructures. Sixty zirconia (Z) and 60 lithium disilicate (L) disk specimens were cut from ceramic blocks. Each group was divided into six subgroups (n = 10). Half of the specimens of each ceramic group were treated with primer (P) and the other half was remained untreated. Three types of cement were applied: zinc phosphate cement [(ZPC) (Hoffmann Harmonic Shades)]; self-adhesive resin cement [(SAC) (RelyX U200)]; conventional adhesive resin cement [(CAC) (C&B)]. The specimens were subjected to thermal aging procedure for 1 week under 37 °C water bath. Shear bond strength (SBS) was determined using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with three-way (ANOVA). Pairwise comparisons and interactions between groups were analyzed by using Tukey’s simultaneous confidence intervals. There was no significant difference between the SBS values of SAC-Z (11,47 ± 0,47) and SAC-ZP (11,39 ± 0,42) (p > 0.05). However, the SBS values of SAC-L (12.34 ± 0,55) and SAC-LP (12,50 ± 0,49) were significantly higher than those of SAC-Z and SAC-ZP (p < 0.00). The use of primer significantly increased the SBS value of CAC-ZP (8,05 ± 0,55) when compared to the SBS value of CAC-Z (3,53 ± 0,41) (p < 0.00). Resin cement that contains methacrylate monomers with phosphoric ester functional groups exhibited reliable bond to zirconia. However, the use of an MDP-based primer may not further improve its bond strength.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare marginal fit of zirconia copings produced by different systems and materials.Material and Methods: Tooth preparation with circumferential shoulder was performed on maxillary premolar acrylic tooth model. Copings (n=10) were produced with 5 different system-zirconia blocks (Cerec-InCoris ZI, Everest-BioZH, Celay-In-Ceram Zirconia, Zirkonzahn-IceZirkon ve Lava-Frame Zirconia) on prepared tooth model. Metal copings (Ni-Cr) were used as a control group. Marginal discrepancy of copings were measued with a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed with One-way ANOVA and Bonferonni test (p<0.05).Results: Marginal discrepancy mean values of goups were listed from lowest to highest as: Lava
Polymer infiltrated ceramics and nano-ceramic resins are the new restorative materials which have been developed in order to enhance the adverse properties of glass-matrix ceramics and resin composites. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the characteristics of various CAD/CAM materials through mechanical, microstructural, and SEM analysis.