Studies were made on the influence of blockade of sympathetic function on the performance and sequential alterations of plasma glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), lactate and triglycerides of rats required to exercise in a revolving cage. Rats were deprived of sympathetic function (SX rats) by depleting catecholamines from peripheral tissues of adrenal demedullated (DM) rats with syrosingopine in nonsedative doses, or by blocking the release of catecholamines at nerve endings with the potent bretylium-like drug, BW 392C60 (N- o -chlorobenzyl-N 1 , N 2 -dimethylguanidine). The effects of exercise were also studied in intact, adrenalectomized (ADX) and DM rats. During exercise, plasma glucose rose about 90% in intact rats, but fell gradually in DM, ADX and SX rats. The FFA increase of 0.20 to 0.35 µEq/ml in ADX and SX rats was only about one-half that in intact rats and one-third that in DM rats. During the first 30 min, lactate rose about 3-fold in intact rats, and 2-fold or less in the other groups. With sustained exercise, lactate quickly returned to and remained at preexercise levels. Most ADX and SX rats collapsed before 150 min of exercise. In contrast, all intact rats ran longer than 150 min. The poor performance of SX rats was correlated with a fall in glucose, a small rise in FFA, no rise in body temperature and elevated heart glycogen. Our observations indicate that sympathetic blockade during exercise impairs performance and reduces FFA mobilization, and may interfere with the utilization of heart glycogen.
Research Articles| May 27 2008 The Pharmacologic Effects of ST-155 (Catapres) and Related Imidazolines in the Rat Subject Area: Pharmacology H.M. Maling; H.M. Maling Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A.K. Gho; A.K. Gho Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Z. Horakova; Z. Horakova Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M.A. Williams M.A. Williams Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pharmacology (1969) 2 (6): 337–351. https://doi.org/10.1159/000136038 Article history Received: April 24 1969 Published Online: May 27 2008 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation H.M. Maling, A.K. Gho, Z. Horakova, M.A. Williams; The Pharmacologic Effects of ST-155 (Catapres) and Related Imidazolines in the Rat. Pharmacology 1 June 1969; 2 (6): 337–351. https://doi.org/10.1159/000136038 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPharmacology Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Keywords: Catapresan®, ST-155, Adrenergic block, central, Sympathetic outflow, Tolazoline, Naphazoline, Imidazoline derivatives This content is only available via PDF. 1969Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Abstract The skin contains a high density of accessible dendritic cells making it an attractive target for vaccine delivery. However, the remarkable barrier function of the skin continues to present a formidable physical obstacle to cutaneous vaccine design. To selectively overcome this obstacle, we evaluated the capacity of dissolving microneedle arrays (MNAs) to deliver protein vaccines to the skin and skin DCs. In initial experiments, biocompatible solid MNAs were fabricated with integrated particulate tracers. Image analysis demonstrated that these MNAs effectively penetrated both mouse and human skin. Further, following patch immunization labeled particulates were identified in dendritic cells in human and murine skin, and in the draining lymph nodes of immunized animals. To evaluate immunogenicity, we incorporated OVA as a soluble (sOVA) or particulate (pOVA) model protein antigen into fabricated patches, and evaluated CTL responses in immunized animals. Patch delivery of low doses of either sOVA or pOVA efficiently induced potent CTL responses comparable to those generated by optimized gene gun based immunization. Taken together, these results demonstrate the feasibility of antigen delivery for cutaneous immunization, and support the development of topical patch vaccines as an efficient and potent strategy for protein antigen based immunization. Funded by NIH.
Many individuals use supplementation to increase exposure to crucifers in order to decrease their risk of chronic disease. However supplements require extensive processing including grinding and drying that can affect their ability to induce detoxification enzymes. This study measured the ability of oven‐dried (OD) (without glucosinolates (GLS); without myrosinase activity (MYR)), freeze‐dried (FD) (with GLS; with MYR), and blanched, freeze‐dried (BFD) (with GLS; without MYR) Brussels sprouts to increase detoxification enzyme expression in vitro and in vivo. A 48 hour treatment with OD and FD, but not BFD, Brussels dose‐dependently induced quinone reductase (QR) activity and the expression of RNA for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, CYP1A2, heme oxygenase, and QR in HepG2 human carcinoma cells. In vivo, mRNA expression of detoxification enzymes was measured in the livers of mice fed diets containing BFD or OD Brussels (20%, 10% or 5%) for 14 days. Mice fed diet containing OD Brussels demonstrated a dose‐dependent induction of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and QR in the liver, while BFD Brussels had no effect. Despite lacking the phytochemicals typically thought to be responsible, the OD Brussels sprouts induced detoxification enzymes. Additionally BFD Brussels failed to induce detoxification enzymes in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that endogenous myrosinase activity is required for the bioactivity of FD Brussels sprouts.
Feeding cysteine alone or with pyridoxine greatly increased urinary excretion of taurine in young or adult rats fed adequate amounts of pyridoxine. In Vit. B6-deficient young rats, these treatments caused only a slight increase in taurine excretion. The results indicated that the relative increase in urinary excretion of taurine after an oral dose of cysteine or cysteine and pyridoxine might be used as an index of Vit. B6 nutrition.
AbstractThe inflammation produced by subplantar injection of sodium urate micro-crystals in the hindpaw of the rat was used as a model of gouty arthritis. Kinins are probably involved since carboxypeptidase B or soybean trypsin inhibitor partially (35%) blocked the edema. Serotonin does not participate since the edema was not prevented by methysergide or cyproheptadine. Histamine is apparently involved since many antihistaminics also partially (40%) suppressed this edema. Two antihistaminics, promethazine and tri-pelennamine, inhibited (75%) the edema as effectively as colchicine by mechanisms as yet not established. Treatment of rats with a combination of soybean trypsin inhibitor and a specific antihistaminic, triprolidine, inhibited the urate edema by 58-66%, which suggested that still another mediator was involved. Complement depletion of the rats also partially (30%) inhibited the edema. The combination of soybean trypsin inhibitor, triprolidine and complement depletion almost completely (80%) suppressed the edema. In the rat, therefore, urate edema appears to be mediated by the combined actions of kinins, histamine and the components of complement.
