Cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the leading cause of death worldwide. As a member of the transmembrane emp24 domain (Tmed)/p24 family of proteins, TMED2 expression variations have been documented earlier in only a few subtypes of human cancers, and the multi-omics profiling of TMED2 as a shared biomarker in different other subtypes of human cancers remains to be uncovered.In the current study, TMED2 multi-omics analysis in 24 major subtypes of human cancer was performed using different authentic online databases and bioinformatics analysis including UALCAN, Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), GENT2, MEXPRESS, cBioportal, STRING, DAVID, TIMER, and CTD.In general, the TMED2 expression in 24 major subtypes of human cancers was higher relative to normal controls and was also strongly associated with the lower overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) duration of CESC, ESCA, HNSC, KIRC, LIHC, and LUAD patients. This implies that TMED2 plays a significant role in the development and progression of these cancers. Furthermore, the TMED2 overexpression was also correlated with different clinicopathological features of CESC, ESCA, HNSC, KIRC, LIHC, and LUAD patients. TMED2-associated genes network was involved in 3 diverse pathways, and finally, few stronger correlations were also explored between TMED2 expression and its promoter methylation level, genetic alterations, and CD8+ T immune cells level.In conclusion, via this in silico study, we have elucidated that TMED2 can serve as a shared diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in CESC, ESCA, HNSC, KIRC, LIHC, and LUAD patients of different clinicopathological features but, further in vitro and in vivo research should be carried out to confirm these findings.
According to the previous reports, the collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) causes tumorigenesis by modulating the tumor microenvironment, however, the evidence is limited to a few human cancer subtypes. In the current study, we analyzed and validated the CTHRC1 expression variations in 24 different human cancer tissues paired with normal tissues using publically available databases. We observed that CTHRC1 was overexpressed in all the 24 major subtypes of human cancers and its overexpression was significantly associated with the reduced overall survival (OS) duration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). This implies that CTHRC1 plays a significant role in the development and progression of these cancers. We further noticed that CTHRC1 was also overexpressed in HNSC, KIRC, LIHC, LUAD, STAD, and UCEC patients of different clinicopathological features. Pathways enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of CTHRC1 associated genes in seven diverse pathways. We also explored few interesting correlations between CTHRC1 expression and promoter methylation, genetic alterations, CNVs, CD8+ T immune cells infiltration, and tumor purity. In conclusion, CTHRC1 can serve as a shared diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HNSC, KIRC, LIHC, LUAD, STAD, and UCEC patients of different clinicopathological features.
Viral and bacterial infections are causing havoc to human health, wildlife, poultry and livestock since long. Current study was designed to carry out investigation of the antiviral and antibacterial potential of leaves of Salvadora persica, Prosopis cineraria and Tamarix aphyla from Cholistan by using HA/IHA titers and Agar disc diffusion methods. Extracts of these plants were tested against 4 different viruses i.e. Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) and Avian Influenza Virus (AIV-H9N2) and 5 different bacteria i.e. Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The drug ampicillin was used as a positive control. The results indicate that the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were more effective against viruses and bacteria as compared to ethanol, methanol, n-butanol and aqueous extracts. In comparison of plants, the extracts of S. persica were found to have highest antiviral potential while on the other hand the extracts of T. aphyla showed the best activity against bacteria. Overall these plants were most effective against IBDV and least effective against NDV and in comparison of bacterial pathogens, these plants were found to be highly effective against P. vulgaris and least effective against P. aeruginosa.
Soil salinity threatens land productivity and food security, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide.Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach for mitigating salinity impacts in irrigated agricultural landscapes.In this regard, a pot experiment study was conducted to evaluate the salt tolerance and reclamation potential of two commonly planted tree species in subtropical regions globally, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Syzygium cumini, under various salinity treatments: Control, 8 dS m -1 , and 16 dS m -1 .Results revealed that salinity negatively affected the growth and biomass production of both tested species, with more prominent effects on S. cumini.E. camaldulensis exhibited the lowest reduction in shoot height (22%) and dry biomass (40%), while S. cumini showed a 30% and 53% decrease in both traits, respectively, under 16 dS m -1 salinity.Correspondingly, increased antioxidant enzyme activities became a defense mechanism in E. camaldulensis as peroxidase (2.51-8.41U mg -1 protein), superoxide dismutase (3.12-11.35U mg -1 protein), and catalase (38-83.21U mg -1 protein) at 16 dS m -1 .Moreover, E. camaldulensis reduced the highest levels of soil SAR and ECe by maintaining the optimum Na, Cl, and K ratios.Thus, the present study suggests that E. camaldulensis maintained higher growth and exhibited an effective antioxidant defense mechanism under various salinity levels, suggesting higher potential for the amelioration of saline soils.These results demonstrate a quick and powerful screening mechanism to assess potential reclamation tree species for saline environments.
Plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) are inexpensive to produce, dependable, and reusable and have emerged as a versatile and promising platform in nanomedicine, particularly cancer therapy. These biogenic nanostructures possess unique physicochemical properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural uniformity, making them ideal candidates for targeted drug delivery. The ability of such nanoparticles to encapsulate chemotherapeutic agents and functionalize with tumor-specific ligands facilitates precise delivery to cancerous tissues, minimizing off-target effects and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. In addition, plant viral vectors (VLPs) are an attractive option for causing anti-tumor immunity because they are undoubtedly secure, harmless, and suitable for mass manufacture and pharmacological adaptation. This review delves into the molecular architecture of plant virus nanoparticles, their functional modifications, and the mechanisms by which they interact with cancer cells. Additionally, it highlights preclinical studies and emerging clinical applications, addressing both the opportunities and challenges in translating VNPs from bench to bedside. By exploring the anticancer potentials of VNPs, this paper aims to underscore their role in shaping the future of sustainable, plant-derived nanotechnology for oncology.
Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) is a serious problem for chilli production in Pakistan and India. In this study, fourteen different chilli lines / varieties were screened for their resistance/susceptibility towards ChiLCV in open field trials. Data of disease severity and disease incidence was recorded on weekly basis. Out of all varieties screened, Tatapuri Chilli and CH111 showed high susceptibility towards the chilli leaf curl disease. Talhari, CH 99, CH103, CH 106, CH107, CH108, CH109, GSL111 showed susceptible response whereas CBS1292 showed moderately susceptible response towards the disease. Only two cultivars Hybrid-46 and Hot Queen were found as moderately resistant. The screening experiment showed that most of the chilli varieties are susceptible to chilli leaf curl disease and resistance is lacking in local germplasm. Furthermore, three insecticides: Imidacloprid, Polo and Emamectin were tested for their efficacy for the management of disease and whitefly vector in field conditions at weekly intervals. Out of three insecticides, Polo gave best results as compared to Emamectin and Imidacloprid against chilli leaf curl disease and whitefly vector.
Due to higher atmospheric greenhouse gasses concentrations, global warming is undoubtedly the most critical environmental issue that needs an immediate solution. Agroforestry has attained worldwide recognition to cope with this global problem due to its greater potential to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide along with other ecosystem services, including food security. However, quantitative information about the biomass and carbon sequestration in poplar-maize agroforestry systems is not available in semi-arid climatic zones in Pakistan. The current study was carried out to evaluate the vegetation biomass and carbon stocks under three poplar-maize agroforestry planting patterns under semi-arid climatic conditions in a subdivision Jaranwala, District Faisalabad, Pakistan. The data was collected in three agroforestry patterns like; A (192 trees ha−1), B (255 trees ha−1), and C (296 trees ha−1). Allometric equations were used to estimate the biomass and carbon stock in plant species. Results showed that the poplar tree carbon stock among three planting patterns was significantly different, with maximum carbon stock of 35.62 t ha−1 in pattern C, and it was 8% and 33.5% greater than the carbon stock of pattern B and pattern A, respectively. The maximum aboveground biomass assimilated by maize crop was (11.95 t ha−1) in pattern B, and it was 10.3% and 3.6% greater than pattern A and pattern C, respectively. The grain yield was highest in pattern A as compared to the other two patterns. Additionally, the maximum soil carbon stock in soil was estimated (22.72 t ha-1) in pattern C, at 0-15 cm depth, while it was 13.42% and 6.61% greater than pattern A and pattern B, respectively. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggested that pattern C with maximum biomass production and carbon stocks is the optimum poplar maize planting pattern in requisites of both financial and environmental benefits in the form of carbon sequestration.
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