As a promising continuous desalination technology, flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) has received considerable attention. However, poor conductivity and dispersion of the traditional active carbon (AC) flow-electrode limit the properties of FCDI. In order to get excellent desalination performance, the flow electrode with good dispersion, low resistance, and high salt adsorption capacity is essential. In this study, an ultra-light nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NPC) was synthesized by one-step pyrolysis process of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium (Na4EDTA). The prepared NPC material showed a high specific surface area (1168.4 m2 g-1), appropriate nitrogen and oxygen doping, excellent hydrophilicity and low resistance. At 1.2 V applied voltage, the desalting experiments showed that the FCDI system based on NPC flow electrode exhibited a higher average salt removal rate of 0.0459 mg cm-2 min-1, and the salt adsorption capacity (148.93 mg g-1) based on NPC flow electrode was about 2.3 times larger than that of AC. Further, after continuous desalination cycling for long periods of time, the salt removal efficiency and average salt removal rate remained stable. The results of this study may be useful for the future exploration of high performance electrode materials for FCDI systems.
Abstract We prove a regularity criterion for an Ericksen‐Leslie's model when the space dimension . We also prove the global well‐posedness of strong solutions for a generalized wave map in a bounded domain when , and prove a regularity criterion for the generalized wave maps when .
Polyfluorene and its derivatives is one of the most promising electroluminescent polymers.This paper describes the recent progress on the property optimization of these polymers,such as the improvement of electroluminescence efficiency and stability,tuning of color and enhancement of processability.
A kinematic wave–packet sound-source model is developed for non-isothermal jets based on large eddy simulation results of subsonic jets at temperature ratios 0.86, 1.0, and 2.7. To find the suitable variable for the sound-source model, coherent structures in these jets are extracted by leading modes of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), and they are classified according to spatial–temporal features. To extend the model, an approach is proposed to represent the growth and decay length scales separately by a single continuous function. Applying such function, the acoustic affections are discussed for the variable length scales of amplitude envelope, L, and coherence, Lc. The results show that the jet temperature desynchronizes the leading POD modes of radial velocity, pressure, and density, and the jet temperature changes the density mode from radial puffs into stripes or ridges. The axisymmetric component of the pressure clearly presents a train of radiant waves, as captured by its leading spectral-POD mode at the peak radiation frequency. Therefore, this pressure component is employed for modeling. In the wave-number domain, the elongation of L stretches the cross-spectral density (CSD) of the source signal, denoted by CSD(k1, k2), along the k1- and k2-axes; the decay of Lc stretches the CSD along the diagonal of the axes. Both of them tend to spread the CSD into a radiant region near the origin point, so as to enhance the radiation. The radiation seems insensitive to the variation of the L, as it only slightly distorts the CSD in the radiant region.
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