A BSTRACT Introduction: Similar presenting manifestations in early phase and lack of awareness of aetiology of acute febrile illness (AFI) are major challenges in management of AFI. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology, NRS Medical College, from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023 in serologically diagnosed febrile patients attending the outpatient department or admitted. Clinical and epidemiological data and laboratory parameters were recorded in a pretested structured questionnaire study tool, and collected data were analysed on MS-Excel sheets with various charts and tables. Results: A total of 1711 serologically diagnosed febrile patients showed preponderance of dengue (38.3%), followed by leptospirosis (25%), scrub typhus (23.9%), malaria (12.6%), and enteric fever (1.92%). A majority of cases were male, less than 40 years of age, and from the rural population (73.2%), except in malaria (urban = 79.6%). The mean duration of fever was 9 days. Febrile cases were recorded maximum during the monsoon and postmonsoon periods (66.5%). The common manifestations are fever, headache (46.2%), pain abdomen (7.8%), nausea, and vomiting (9.4%). Thrombocytopenia with bleeding manifestation was higher in dengue (18%) cases. Mortality in dengue cases was recorded with multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Scrub typhus cases showed seizure (8.3%) and altered sensorium (5%) due to fatal meningoencephalitis. Fatality in leptospirosis was mostly due to acute kidney injury (29.5%) and Weil’s disease (4.4%). Conclusion: Misdiagnosis or incorrect diagnosis and delay in initiation of appropriate treatment results in increased morbidity and mortality in AFI. Determination of epidemiological features and clinical manifestations of AFI along with timely correct diagnosis will benefit clinicians in proper treatment initiation, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality.
A new Cu(ii)-based 1D coordination polymer [Cu(fum)(4-phpy)2(H2O)], (1) (H2fum = fumaric acid and 4-phpy = 4-phenyl pyridine) exhibits electrical conductivity in the semiconductor region and behaves as Schottky diode.
Diarylamido, Q-N--Py (L-), complexes of ruthenium(II), trans-[(L-H+)RuII(PPh3)2Cl2] (1-H+) and trans-[(L-)RuII(PPh3)2(CO)Cl] (2), using N-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)quinolin-8-amine (HL) as a ligand are disclosed (Q and Py refer to quinoline and 5-nitropyridine fragments). 1-H+ contains a zwitterionic amido ligand (Q-N--PyH+) that undergoes a concerted proton electron transfer (CPET) reaction in air, generating trans-[(L)Ru(PPh3)2Cl2] (1·CH2Cl2). The ground electronic state of 1 is delocalized as [(L-)RuIII ↔ (L•)RuII] (L• is an aminyl radical of type Q-N•-Py). The 1-H+/1 redox potential depends on the electrolytes, and the potentials are -1.57 and -1.40 V, respectively, in the presence of [N( n-Bu)4]PF6 and [N( n-Bu)4]Cl. The rate of 1-H+ → 1 conversion depends also on the medium and follows the order kD2O-CH2Cl2 > kH2O-CH2Cl2 > kCH2Cl2. In contrast, 2 containing the corresponding amido (L-) is stable and endures oxidation at 0.14 V, affording trans-[(L•)RuII(PPh3)2(CO)Cl] (2+). The electronic structures of the complexes were authenticated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of HL, 1·CH2Cl2, and 2·(toluene), EPR spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Notably, the CQ-N (1.401(2) Å) and CPy-N (1.394(2) Å) lengths in 1·CH2Cl2 are relatively longer than the CQ-Namido (1.396(4) Å)and CPy-Namido (1.372(4) Å) lengths in 2·(toluene). Spin density obtained from DFT calculations scatters on both N and ruthenium atoms, revealing a delocalized state of 1. The notion was further confirmed by variable-temperature EPR spectra of a powder sample and CH2Cl2 solution, where the contributions of both [(L-)RuIII] and [(L•)RuII] components were detected. In contrast, 2+ is an aminyl radical complex of ruthenium(II), where the spin is dominantly localized on the ligand backbone (64%), particularly on N (27%). 2+ exhibits a strong EPR signal at g = 2.003. 1 and 2+ exhibit absorption bands at 560-630 and 830-840 nm, and the origins of these excitations were elucidated by TDDFT calculations on 1 and 2 in CH2Cl2.
Four new mixed-ligand divalent coordination polymers (CPs) [Cu2(muco)2(4-clpy)2] (1), [Cu2(muco)2(4-brpy)2] (2), [Zn2(bdc)2(4-clpy)2] (3), and [Zn2(bdc)2(4-brpy)2] (4) (H2muco = trans,trans-muconic acid or 1,3-butadiene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid; H2bdc = 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid; 4-clpy = 4-chloropyridine and 4-brpy = 4-bromopyridine) have been synthesized and well characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, powder X-ray diffraction patterns, and thermogravimetric analysis. All the compounds 1–4 have a two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymeric sheet structure. Of these, 1 and 2 are isotypical and form a 3D supramolecular aggregation based on type-I halogen–halogen interactions (Cl···Cl or Br···Br) and have an impact on CO2 sorption properties. For the first time, halogen–halogen interactions have been used as a tool in the construction of high-dimensional CPs for sorption studies. However, analogous compounds 3 and 4 are expanded to 3D supramolecular structures based on π···π interactions. These compounds have no halogen–halogen interactions and hence become nonporous toward CO2 sorption. It appears that the halogen–halogen interactions between the 2D sheets are desirable for the uptake of CO2 gas.
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