The attitude of family planning workers to providing sexual and reproductive health knowledge and information for unmarried young adults was analyzed. Based on the survey carried out in 8 provinces/ cities in China from 7th 1998 to 11th 1998. The majority family planning workers in each center agreed to provide such information and knowledge toward unmarried young people. While there were differences among centers in the acceptable ways to provide knowledge and information on sex and reproductive health for unmarried young adults. The results indicated that family planning workers in China should pay much attention on providing knowledge and information on contraception and STD/ HIV for unmarried young adults. Sex education should be provided for unmarried young adults according to their needs and the local situation. (authors)
The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 inhibits T cell activation by dephosphorylating some essential proteins in the T cell receptor-mediated signalling pathway, and its negative regulatory function protects organisms from autoimmune disease. 14-3-3τ is an adaptor protein that regulates target protein function through its intracellular localization. In the present study, we determined that PTPN22 binds to 14-3-3τ via the PTPN22-Ser640 phosphorylation side. PTPN22 binding to 14-3-3τ resulted in 14-3-3τ-Tyr179 dephosphorylation, and reduced the association between 14-3-3τ and Shc, which competitively increased 14-3-3ζ binding to Shc and activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) by bringing it to the membrane. In addition, PTPN22 decreased the tyrosine phosphorylation of p110 to activate PI3K. These two pathways cooperatively affect PI3K activity and the expression of PI3K downstream proteins, such as phosphorylated Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin and forkhead box O1, which inhibited the expression of some proinflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α. Our research provides a preliminary theory for PTPN22 regulating T cell activation, development and immune response via the PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and brings new information for clarifying the functions of PTPN22 in autoimmune diseases.
Oncocytic carcinoma (OC) is a pretty rare malignant neoplasm. Oncocytic carcinomas mainly occur in major salivary glands but infrequently occur in minor salivary glands. We report a case of OC occurring in the retromolar glands involving the ipsilateral tonsil, which has not been reported in the English literature. This case may expand the database of OC, and provide diagnosis and treatment ideas for clinicians.
The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism by which amentoflavone (AME) improves insulin resistance in a human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2).A model of insulin resistant cells was established in HepG2 by treatment with high glucose and insulin. The glucose oxidase method was used to detect the glucose consumption in each group. To determine the mechanism by which AME improves insulin resistance in HepG2 cells, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting were used to detect the expression of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and pAkt; the activity of the enzymes involved in glucose metabolism; and the levels of inflammatory cytokines.Insulin resistance was successfully induced in HepG2 cells. After treatment with AME, the glucose consumption increased significantly in HepG2 cells compared with the model group (MG). The expression of PI3K, Akt, and pAkt and the activity of 6-phosphofructokinas (PFK-1), glucokinase (GCK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) increased, while the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (PEPCK), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) as well as the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C reactive protein (CRP) decreased.The mechanism by which treatment with AME improves insulin resistance in HepG2 cells may involve the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the processes of glucose oxygenolysis, glycogen synthesis, gluconeogenesis and inflammatory cytokine expression.
To enhance comprehension of the destiny of the spermatozoon throughout the reproductive process of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) is important for achieving large-scale artificial breeding of Scylla. The reproductive systems of sexually mature male and female mud crabs were studied, utilizing the histomorphological method. The spermatozoon traveled from testicular lobules through the seminiferous duct, into the anterior vas deferens (AVD) via the collecting duct. The spermatophore wall formed at the end of the AVD. During copulation, spermatophores stored in the median vas deferens (MVD) were transferred to the seminal receptacle through the posterior vas deferens (PVD), ejaculatory duct, and gonopod, with seminal plasma secreted by both MVD and PVD together. After mating, the sperm plug was formed within the seminal receptacle's ventral zone. At ovary stage Ⅲ, the spermatophore wall ruptured, and the sperm plug disappeared. Bundled sperm packets congregated into a dense mass, while a few spermatozoa dispersed along the intermediate chamber to the dorsal zone. At ovary stage Ⅳ, the dorsal zone also exhibited a dense sperm mass due to increased dispersal. At ovary stage Ⅴ, merely a modest portion of the dense sperm mass remained in the ventral zone, and the rest dissociated and dispersed within the seminal receptacle. Following ovulation, sperm mass remained in the ventral zone, re-dissociating and re-dispersing once ovarian development reached stage Ⅲ again. The phased dispersion supply mode of spermatozoa behind multiple ovipositions was unveiled. Furthermore, we observed the ultrastructural changes in the spermatozoon during the process of the capacitation, including operculum widening, actin-containing substance accumulation, and the density of chromatin in the nucleus decreased. As presented herein, the elucidation of the dynamic changes of the spermatozoon, as well as the pattern of spermatozoa supply, contributes significantly to our enhanced comprehension of the reproductive biology of Scylla.
Abstract Disrupted connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) during resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) is well‐documented in schizophrenia (SCZ). The amygdala, a key component in the neurobiology of SCZ, comprises distinct subregions that may exert varying effects on the disorder. This study aimed to investigate variations in functional connectivity (FC) between distinct amygdala subregions and the DMN in SCZ individuals and explore the effects of treatment on these connections. Fifty‐six SCZ patients and 51 healthy controls underwent FC analysis and questionnaire surveys during resting state. The amygdala was selected as the region of interest (ROI) and subdivided into four parts. Changes in FC were examined, and correlations between questionnaire scores and brain activity were explored. Pre‐treatment, SCZ patients exhibited reduced FC between the amygdala and DMN compared to HCs. After treatment, significant differences persisted in the right medial amygdala, while other regions did not differ significantly from controls. In addition, PANSS scores positively correlated with FC between the Right Medial Amygdala and the left SMFC ( r = .347, p = .009), while RBANS5A scores showed a positive correlation with FC between the Left Lateral Amygdala and the right MTG (rho = −.347, p = .009). The rsFC between the amygdala and the DMN plays a crucial role in the treatment mechanisms of SCZ. This could provide a promising predictive indicator for understanding the neural mechanisms behind treatment and symptomatic improvement.
Abstract Background The incidence rate of obesity has been increasing steadily year by year, and it is a serious worldwide public health problem，especially for people with mental disorders. Aim To explore the related factors of obesity by analyzing the metabolic indexes of patients with common mental disorders in stable stage. Methods 576 subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) or schizophrenia (SCZ) were included, who received fixed drug dose and routine drug treatment for 2 years or more. Their venous blood was collected, and the blood metabolic indexes were analyzed. Results BD and SCZ are more prone to obesity than MDD. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the value of BMI increased with the increase of age( B = 0.084, p < 0.001), TG( B = 0.355, p = 0.024), LDL( B = 0.697, p < 0.001), LDH( B = 0.011, p = 0.002), SCr( B = 0.051, p < 0.001), UA( B = 0.014, p < 0.001), HbA1c( B = 0.702, p = 0.004) and hsCRP( B = 0.101, p < 0.001). And It decreased with the increase of HDL( B = -1.493, p < 0.001). Discussion People with mental disorders who take drugs are prone to obesity. They should regularly check blood indicators and strengthen weight management to reduce the risk of obesity and promote their health.
OBJECTIVE Treatment with a BRAF mutation inhibitor might shrink otherwise refractory craniopharyngiomas and is a promising preoperative treatment to facilitate tumor resection. The aim of this study was to investigate the noninvasive diagnosis of BRAF-mutated craniopharyngiomas based on MRI characteristics. METHODS Fifty-two patients with pathologically diagnosed craniopharyngioma were included in this study. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on tumor tissue specimens to detect BRAF and CTNNB1 mutations. MRI manifestations-including tumor location, size, shape, and composition; signal intensity of cysts; enhancement pattern; pituitary stalk morphology; and encasement of the internal carotid artery-were analyzed by 2 neuroradiologists blinded to patient identity and clinical characteristics, including BRAF mutation status. Results were compared between the BRAF-mutated and wild-type (WT) groups. Characteristics that were significantly more prevalent (p < 0.05) in the BRAF-mutated craniopharyngiomas were defined as diagnostic features. The minimum number of diagnostic features needed to make a diagnosis was determined by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Eight of the 52 patients had BRAF-mutated craniopharyngiomas, and the remaining 44 had BRAF WT tumors. The clinical characteristics did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Interobserver agreement for MRI data analysis was relatively reliable, with values of Cohen κ ranging from 0.65 to 0.97 (p < 0.001). A comparison of findings in the 2 patient groups showed that BRAF-mutated craniopharyngiomas tended to be suprasellar (p < 0.001), spherical (p = 0.005), predominantly solid (p = 0.003), and homogeneously enhancing (p < 0.001), and that patients with these tumors tended to have a thickened pituitary stalk (p = 0.014). When at least 3 of these 5 features were present, a tumor might be identified as BRAF mutated with a sensitivity of 1.00 and a specificity of 0.91. The area under the ROC curve for the sum of all 5 diagnostic criteria was 0.989 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The BRAF mutation status of craniopharyngiomas might be predicted using certain MRI features with relatively high sensitivity and specificity, thus offering potential guidance for the preoperative administration of BRAF mutation inhibitors.
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