Coastal areas have made substantial contributions to global economic development but are plagued by challenges such as groundwater salinization. Groundwater serves as the primary source for drinking, industrial, and domestic purposes in these coastal areas. Therefore, understanding the causes and processes of groundwater salinization holds paramount significance for effective groundwater management. The coastal area of Laizhou Bay in northern China serves as a quintessential example of such a scenario. With substantial groundwater extraction and severe groundwater salinization issues, it exacerbates the disparity between water-resource supply and demand. Currently, our understanding of the processes and influencing factors related to groundwater salinization in this region remains limited. In this study, employing hydrochemical and stable chlorine isotope analyses on 35 groundwater and seawater samples, an in-depth investigation into the complex mechanisms underlying groundwater salinization in the Quaternary aquifers of the eastern coastal plain of Laizhou Bay was conducted. The test results of the samples indicate that brine and saline groundwater are primarily of the Na-Cl type, exhibiting a hydrochemical composition similar to that of seawater. Brackish groundwater exhibits a diverse hydrochemical composition. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics of brackish and fresh groundwater resemble atmospheric precipitation, while brine, seawater, and saline groundwater show hydrogen and oxygen isotope depletion. Compared to seawater, brine exhibits significant δ37Cl depletion. The analysis of the test results reveals that the formation of brine aquifers results from a complex interplay of climate change, tectonic movements, and sea–land evolution, involving lagoon development during seawater regression, salt concentration through evaporation, and subsequent water–rock interactions. The genesis of saline groundwater involves a complex interplay of brine–seawater mixing, significant evaporation, and potential input of fresh groundwater from atmospheric precipitation and river sources. The formation of brackish groundwater is predominantly influenced by atmospheric precipitation, and agricultural activities, with significant variations in NO3− concentrations attributed to varying intensities of fertilizer application in the northern plain area. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the origins of groundwater and can inform the development of policies for groundwater protection in this area.
Dew plays an important role in maintaining ecosystems in arid area.In order to study the dew formation,a series of observations on dew yield were conducted in Linze County,Zhangye City in the middle reaches of the Heihe River during the period from June to September 2008.The results are as follows:(1) Dew formed only when the board temperature was lower than dew point,and dew yield and occurred times were decreased with the increase of distance away from the Heihe River and of groundwater depth as well as the decrease of vegetation coverage;(2) Dew occurred for 52,34 and 13 times and the accumulated dew yields were 4.26 mm,1.52 mm and 0.63 mm in riparian zone,oasis and desert respectively during the period from June 20 to September 17,2008.There was also a temporal variation of dew yield at all three observation sties;(3) Dew intensity and average dew yield were increased from dry season to rainy season,and vice versa;and(4) It is found that rainfall is favorable for increasing dew yield at all three sites,and dew could form in desert only if previous rainfall exceeded a certain amount.Air relative humidity,weather and wind speed also affect dew formation.
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