Abstract Both the epigenetic changes and gut microbiota (GM) have attracted a growing interest in establishing effective diagnostics and potential therapeutic strategies for a number of diseases. These disorders include metabolic, central nervous system‐related diseases, autoimmune, and gastrointestinal infections (GI). Despite the number of studies, there is no extensive review that connects the epigenetics modifications and GM as biomarkers that could confer effective diagnostics and confer treatment options. To this end, this review hopes to give detailed information on connecting the modifications in epigenetic and GM. An updated and detailed information on the connection between the epigenetics factors and GM that influence diseases are given. In addition, the review showed some associations between the epigenetics to the maternal GM and offspring health. Finally, the limitations of the concept and prospects into this new emerging discipline were also looked into. Although this review elucidated on the maternal diet and response to offspring health with respect to GM and epigenetic modifications, there still exist various limitations to this newly emerging discipline. In addition to integrating complementary multi‐omics data, longitudinal sampling will aid with the identification of functional mechanisms that may serve as therapeutic targets. To this end, this review gave a detailed perspective into harnessing disease diagnostics, prevention and treatment options through epigenetics and GM.
To synthesize the current understanding of RNA-based regulatory mechanisms, focusing on how RNA splicing and non-coding RNAs shape immune responses and airway remodeling in asthma, with the aim of exploring their potential as therapeutic targets for asthma treatment.
Heterosis has been utilized in crops for a long time, and although crop fertility is the basis for the utilization of heterosis, there is limited information concerning the genic male sterility (GMS) of mungbean. Therefore, based on the genic male sterile mutant, M1, obtained by EMS mutagenesis of the Weilyu cultivar, this project used multi-omics analysis to detect the male sterile site and further identify its candidate gene, and then the mechanism of the candidate gene was discussed. As a result, one locus region (Chr5: 6,835,001–6,935,000 bp) associated with GMS was identified, and nine genes were found within the 100 Kb region. The candidate gene, VrCYCA1, around the above loci had a TATA box deletion approximately 4.7 Kb upstream of the gene, and this was evidenced by comparative genomics, transcriptome analysis, and RT-qPCR analysis. The expression level of VrCYCA1 was significantly downregulated (log2FC = −2.06, p-value = 0.025) in the ms lines compared with the control group. Moreover, 6653 genes showed differential expression between the Weilyu lines and mutant lines as well as 165 metabolites with significant differences in their concentration levels. Among those differentially expresses genes, 226 were annotated with functional categories involved in flowering and endosperm development, and six genes had protein–protein interactions with VrCYCA1. Seven categories of metabolites and seven genes participated in the relationship between reproductive growth and vegetative growth, which might have caused the sterility of mungbean in the mutant plants. This study used multi-omics data to mine a mungbean GMS-related gene, VrCYCA1, and constructed a GMS genetic network to explore the molecular mechanism of VrCYCA1. The results lay a solid foundation for further molecular biology research and utilization in mungbean male sterility.
Although mungbean ( Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is an important legume crop, its seed yield is relatively low. To address this issue, here 196 accessions with 3,607,508 SNP markers were used to identify quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs), QTN-by-environment interactions (QEIs), and their candidate genes for seed length (SL), seed width, and 100-seed weight (HSW) in two environments. As a result, 98 QTNs and 20 QEIs were identified using 3VmrMLM, while 95, >10,000, and 15 QTNs were identified using EMMAX, GEMMA, and CMLM, respectively. Among 809 genes around these QTNs, 12 were homologous to known seed-development genes in rice and Arabidopsis thaliana , in which 10, 2, 1, and 0 genes were found, respectively, by the above four methods to be associated with the three traits, such as VrEmp24/25 for SL and VrKIX8 for HSW. Eight of the 12 genes were significantly differentially expressed between two large-seed and two small-seed accessions, and VrKIX8 , VrPAT14 , VrEmp24/25 , VrIAR1 , VrBEE3 , VrSUC4 , and Vrflo2 were further verified by RT-qPCR. Among 65 genes around these QEIs, VrFATB , VrGSO1 , VrLACS2 , and VrPAT14 were homologous to known seed-development genes in A. thaliana , although new experiments are necessary to explore these novel GEI-trait associations. In addition, 54 genes were identified in comparative genomics analysis to be associated with seed development pathway, in which VrKIX8 , VrABA2 , VrABI5 , VrSHB1 , and VrIKU2 were also identified in genome-wide association studies. This result provided a reliable approach for identifying seed-size-related genes in mungbean and a solid foundation for further molecular biology research on seed-size-related genes.
Background: This study aimed to systematically review the randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of applying manual acupuncture to functional dyspepsia (FD) compared with conventional gastrointestinal (GI) tract regulator medications.
Methods and Materials: Electronic data bases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Chinese Scientific Journal database (VIP database), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CKNI), Wan-fang Database and Sino-Med were searched for randomized controlled trials. Utilized data included those published before 30th, Jul. 2016. Manual search on conference abstracts and reference lists was further conducted. Risk of bias evaluation, meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis and all extracted information were performed.
Results: A total of 31 RCTs studies including 2571 participants were identified that include 1314 participants in the groups of manual acupuncture and 1257 participants in the control groups. The result demonstrated that manual acupuncture is more effective in the total effective rate than GI tract regulator medications (OR=3.00, 95%CI [2.33,3.87], p
Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is a cleistogamous plant in which flowers are pollinated before they open, which prevents yield improvements through heterosis. We previously generated a chasmogamous mutant (CM) mungbean in which open flowers are pollinated. In this study, we developed insertion/deletion (indel) markers based on the transcriptome differences between CM and Sulu-1 (i.e., normal flowering) plants. An F2 population derived from a cross between CM and Sulu-1 was used for gene mapping. Segregation analyses revealed that a single recessive gene regulates the production of chasmogamous flowers. Using newly developed indel and simple sequence repeat markers, the cha gene responsible for the chasmogamous flower trait was mapped to a 277.1-kb segment on chromosome 6. Twelve candidate genes were detected in this segment, including Vradi06g12650, which encodes a YUCCA family protein associated with floral development. A single base pair deletion producing a frame-shift mutation and a premature stop codon in Vradi06g12650 was detected only in CM plants. This suggested that Vradi06g12650 is a cha candidate gene. Our results provide important information for the molecular breeding of chasmogamous mungbean lines, which may serve as new genetic resources for hybrid cultivar development.
The results showed that most of the traits (100-seed weight, leaf size, and plant height) showed moderate narrow-sense heritability (h2) (45% to 65%), while pod size and seed length showed high h2 (>75%) and pod dehiscence (shattering), seed width and days to flowering showed low h2 (<35%). The QTLs for the traits was mapped onto a high-density linkage map developed for the RIL population.Inclusive composite interval mapping identified in total 42 QTLs for the 16 traits with number of QTLs per trait ranging from one to six. QTLs for the MOG phenotypes were mapped to linkage group 6, confirming the pleiotropic effect of the mog gene. Effect of the mog gene/QTL for the mog phenotypic variations was not high, ranging from about 15% in plant height to 40% in leaf area, leaf width and pod width. For 100-seed weight which is the most interesting trait, the mog gene/QTL contributed about 30% of the total trait variation 3 and showed additive effect of only 0.51 g which is only about 1.5-fold higher than of the other five QTLs detected for this trait. These results indicated that expression of mog gene is highly affected by environment and effect of the gene towards organ size and plant height is not extraordinary high. Implications of the findings of this study and exploiting of the MOG mutant in breeding were discussed.
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